The MODERATE Stage Bourgeoisie ESTATESGENERAL 1789 Called by Louis XVI to resolve the financial crisis Meets May 5 1789 First EstatesGeneral since 1614 175 years The three estates DO agree on ID: 266480
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Slide1
THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONSlide2
The MODERATE Stage
(Bourgeoisie)Slide3
ESTATES-GENERAL (1789)
Called by Louis XVI to resolve the financial crisis
Meets May 5, 1789
First Estates-General since 1614! (
175 years
)
The three estates DO agree on
some
things
Limiting royal absolutism
Granting basic freedoms
Voting system
Each estate still only gets ONE VOTESlide4
THE VOTE
THE FIRST ESTATE = 1 Vote
THE SECOND ESTATE = 1 Vote
THE THIRD ESTATE = 1 Vote
648 reps
300 reps
300 repsSlide5
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
3
rd
Estate declares itself the National Assembly (June 17, 1789)
Invites both 1
st
and 2
nd
Estate to join
Louis orders them to disband (June 27, 1789)
**Seen as first great act of French Rev**Slide6
THE TENNIS COURT OATHJune 20, 1789Louis XVI locks the doors of the meeting room – Versailles
National Assembly moves to an indoor tennis court
Vows not to disband until a constitution is formedSlide7
LOUIS XVIJune 27, 1789 - Ordered the National Assembly to
Disband
(STRONG)
Response “..We are here by the will of the people, and that we will go only if we are driven out by bayonets”
(WEAK)
ordered the first two estates to join the National Assembly
Moderate middle class and liberal nobility in
control –
transfer of powerLouis – Swiss and German mercenaries stationed - Paris & Versailles Slide8
STORMING OF THE BASTILLE
Rumor = King was planning a military coup against the National Assembly
Bastille
French Royal Prison – 7 prisoners
Was a symbol of the abuse of power
Stormed on July 14, 1789
People want … GUNPOWDER
Is looted and destroyed by French people
18 died, 73 wounded, 7 guards killed
July 14
th = French independence day
BOOM!Slide9
STORMING OF THE BASTILLE
IMPACT
City now has an armed force
Marquis de Lafayette becomes the commander
TRICOLOR FLAG EMERGES
Power shifts from King
National Assembly
More uprisings followed
Many landowners killed and their property destroyed
LEADS TO THE “GREAT FEAR”
Faced with great pressure, nobles concede a plethora of privileges (no more feudal dues
)Slide10
BOURBON FLAG
FLAG OF PARIS
LIBERTY
FRATERNITY
EQUALITYSlide11
THE GREAT FEAR
Time period where rumors spread (summer of 1789)
Rumors included:
King mounting a counterattack
Nobles attempting to put down revolution
Peasants ruthlessly killed nobles and destroyed their estates
They also burn any legal documents tying them to the land
Queen was hoarding grain at VersaillesSlide12
LIMITING THE MONARCHY
National Assembly issues the
Declaration of the Rights of Man
(Aug. 27, 1789)
Called for basic human rights in France
“Liberty, security, and prosperity”
Ended feudal rights of nobles over peasants
= to American Declaration of Independence
Was mass produced and spread throughout FRA and Europe
One question remains: HOW MUCH POWER SHOULD THE KING HAVE?Slide13
1791Olympe de Gouges (1748-1793)Written in response to the Constitution of 1791“Social contract between men and women”Rejected by the National Assembly
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WOMENSlide14
WOMEN’S MARCH ON VERSAILLES
After the fall of the Bastille, many nobles fled Versailles and left the country
Thus,
in demand for luxuries
Women, who made these luxuries as a source of income, now see dwindling profits
Coupled with in price of wheat, many women and families began to go HUNGRY
October 5, 1789
7,000 women storm Versailles
(OCTOBER DAYS)Slide15
Stormed the palace looking for … MARIE ANTOINETTE
“We are going to cut off her head, tear out her heart, fry her liver, and that won’t be the end of it”
National Guard saves king, but he had to agree to go live in Paris (
Tuileries
Palace)
Abolishes French nobility as legal order
Sets out to create a constitutional monarchy
KING now a ceremonial figurehead
WOMEN’S MARCH ON VERSAILLESSlide16
THE CIVIL CONSTITUION OF THE CLERGY
The National Assembly confiscated land from RCC
WHY?
TO FINANCE THE NEW GOV’T
ABOLISHED THE TITHE
The French government would now pay the salary of the clergy
Bishops and priests elected by the people
Oath of allegiance? FRANCE or THE RCC
RCC branch of the STATESlide17
THE KING’S FLIGHT
Amidst great fear and diminishing power, Louis and family attempt to flee
June 20, 1791
Louis is arrested in
Varennes
and sent back to Paris (was only miles from the border)
King abandoning people - counterrevolutionary
Some argue that the King’s flight = TREASON (
JACOBINS
)Slide18
PICTURE: Lynn HuntSlide19
CONSTITUTION OF 1791
Completed September 3, 1791
Redefined French government
Three branches
National Assembly = Legislative Assembly
Executive = King (only real power = VETO)
Judicial
ABOLISHED THE ESTATES SYSTEM
Franchise = tax-paying males
constitutional monarchySlide20
ROAD TO WAR
Leopold II and Frederick William II
Austria, Prussia
fear republics
Issue the Declaration of
Pillnitz
- August 1791
Brunswick Manifesto – July 1792
Intervene if French revolutionaries infringed on Louis XVI’s rights and did not restore him to power
French revolutionaries take this as threat, and declare war on Austria (April 20, 1792)
PROBLEM = CIVIL WAR /FOREIGN WARSlide21
THE FIRST COALITION
FRANCE
1792-1797
AUSTRIA
PRUSSIA
BRITIAN
SPAIN
PIEDMONT
DUKE OF BRUNSWICK -
“if the royal family is harmed France will
be leveled
”Slide22
SUCCESSES OF THE
MODERATE STAGE
Abolished special privileges
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
Reduce the power and influence of the Roman Catholic
Church, KING
Reformed local
gov’t
– 83 EQUAL districts
Constitution of 1791Slide23
Picture – Lynn HuntSlide24