10 Catalyst 35 Biochemical Similarities in Vertebrates 10 GN Evolution and Genetics 20 Guided Reading 10 IP Evolution amp Genetics I can explain how changes in DNA lead ID: 1045575
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1. WednesdayMay 3, 2017Agenda(10) Catalyst(35) Biochemical Similarities in Vertebrates(10) GN: Evolution and Genetics(20) Guided Reading(10) IP: Evolution & GeneticsI can:explain how changes in DNA lead to evolutionCatalystWhat is the BEST type of evidence for evolution?What type of evidence compares nucleic acids?This type of evidence has to do with body structure.This type of evidence has to do with development of fetuses.HW: IP: Evolution & Genetics
2. WednesdayMay 3, 2017Agenda(10) Catalyst(45) Biochemical Similarities in Vertebrates(15) GN: Evolution and Genetics(15) IP: Evolution & GeneticsI can:explain how changes in DNA lead to evolutionCatalystWhat is the BEST type of evidence for evolution?What type of evidence compares nucleic acids?This type of evidence has to do with body structure.This type of evidence has to do with development of fetuses.HW: IP: Evolution & Genetics
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4. Exit Ticket ReviewThe process by which organisms with favorable variations reproduce at higher rates than those without such variations isDisruptive selectionNatural selection Sexual selectionDirectional selection
5. Exit Ticket ReviewNatural selection is a mechanism that acts on individuals within a population. Which is a result of the process of natural selection?The reproductive rate of the population decreasesGenetic similarity within the population increasesOrganisms are better adapted to their environmentAdverse changes to the environment become more frequent
6. Exit Ticket ReviewDarwin’s studies of the finches on the Galapagos Islands suggest that the finches’ differences in beak structure were most directly due to what?The size of the island where the finches liveAcquired characteristics in the parent finchesMating behaviors of the different finch speciesAdaptations of the finches to varying environments
7. Exit Ticket ReviewWhich is the best description of how natural selection changes a species over time?Survival of the strongest organisms in the environmentElimination of the smallest organisms by largest organismsSurvival of the organisms genetically best adapted to the environmentSurvival of the organisms that occupy the largest area in an environment
8. Exit Ticket Review1. What is the best way to determine the evolutionary relationships between species? A. by comparing their bone structures B. by comparing their physical appearance C. by comparing the amino acid sequences of their proteins D. by comparing fossils that resemble the organisms to identify common ancestors
9. Exit Ticket Review2. Archaeoptryx was discovered two years after Darwin published On the Origin of Species. Archaeoptryx had a long, bony tail like dinosaurs, broad wings and feather like birds, and skeletal features of both. What best describes this evidence? A. fossil B. geological C. biochemical D. embryological
10. Exit Ticket Review3. Which could give the best biochemical evidence of evolution? A. lipids B. fossils C. nucleic acids D. carbohydrates
11. Exit Ticket Review4. The forelimbs of living whales, dogs, humans, and bats are all similar in their arrangement and structure. What category of evidence is exemplified? A. fossils B. anatomical similarities C. biochemical comparison D. embryological comparison
12. Exit Ticket Review5. What can be inferred from the following statement? The protein cytochrome c is found in all aerobic organisms. A. Living things have not evolved. B. All living things will evolve to be aerobic. C. Aerobic organisms evolved from a common ancestor. D. Anaerobic organisms will evolved into aerobic organisms.
13. REMEMBER:Evolution is CHANGE over TIME
14. Evolution requires these four things (VSIT):Variation – differences between individuals in a species
15. Evolution acts on variation that is already present in a population!
16. Evolution requires these four things (VSIT):Selection – some individuals have greater fitness than others in the environment and will survive betterI only eat green beetles!The brown beetles have greater fitness in this environment, because they are not eaten. They are able to survive and reproduce. A trait that is selected for is one that is beneficial to the organism. A detrimental trait is selected against.
17. Evolution requires these four things (VSIT):Inheritance – the traits that result in greater fitness can be passed on to offspring
18. Evolution requires these four things (VSIT):Time – many, many generations must pass
19. straight furcurly furWe can now understand how evolution works better than Darwin ever could. Now we know genes are the units of heredity, and they are what explain genetic variation.different DNA different protein different trait
20. Genetic variation is studied at the population level.In genetic terms, evolution is any change in the relative frequency of alleles in a populationthe relative frequency of an allele is the number of times that it occurs as a % of the total # of alleles in the gene pool…but where does genetic variation come from?
21. Genetic variation comes from two sources:mutationsdoes not always affect phenotypegene shuffling during meiosiscrossing-over introduces new combinations of genesindependent assortment creates new combinations of traits
22. sometimes a mutation will not affect the phenotype because many codons code for the same amino acid
23. Remember, it is populations, not individual organisms, that can evolve.gray squirrelblack squirrel
24. Natural selection is not the only source of evolution. Genetic drift is the random change in allele frequency due to small population size.aka bottleneck effectThe population of beetles is very small.A catastrophic event kills off most of the green beetles, by chance.Now there is a greater frequency of the brown allele than before due to genetic drift.
25. The founder effect is an example of a bottleneck effect.a small group of individuals starts a new population with a different allele frequency from the original population
26. When will evolution NOT occur?The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant if, and only if, the following conditions are met:1. Mating is random. (Does this happen with humans?)equalchances?
27. 2. Population is very large (so genetic drift can’t occur).3. No movement into or out of the population.4. No mutations.5. No natural selection.
28. Certain species that depend on each other can coevolve. Coevolution occurs when the evolution of one species affects the evolution of another.
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