PPT-3.3:DNA Structure

331 Outline DNA nucleotide structure in terms of sugar deoxyribose base and phosphate 332 State the names of the four bases in DNA 333 Outline how DNA nucleotides are linked together by covalent bonds. C483 Spring 2013. 1. Purine(s) . which are found mainly in both . deoxyribonucleotides. and . ribonucleotides. are . A) thymine and cytosine.. B) . cytosine . and uracil.. C) . cytosine.. D) guanine and cytosine.. DNA is composed of polynucleotide chains. The helical structure of . DNA. Formation of Nucleotides. Structure of polynucleotide polymer. Each base has its preferred . tautomeric. form. Purine. and . DNA Structure. The discovery of the structure. Francis Crick and James Watson. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule is the genetic blueprint for each cell and ultimately the blueprint that determines every characteristic of a living organism. The DNA molecule was discovered in 1951 by Francis Crick, James Watson, and Maurice Wilkins using X-ray diffraction. . Nucleic Acids. What do we know already?. i. . The nucleic acids DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides. Nucleotides consist of 3 parts. A 5-carbon sugar – ribose or deoxyribose. A phosphate group (acidic & negatively-charged). By the early 1900’s it was known that the chromosomes carry the genetic (hereditary) information. Chromosomes are made up of DNA (. deoxyribose. nucleic acid). They now needed to know the structure of DNA. 2.6 Structure of DNA & RNA. Understandings:. The nucleic acids DNA & RNA are polymers of nucleotides.. DNA differs from RNA in the # of strands normally present, the base composition & type of pentose.. The bacterial chromosome is a double-stranded, circular DNA molecule associated with a small amount of protein. Eukaryotic chromosomes have linear DNA molecules associated with a large amount of protein. THINK ABOUT IT. The DNA molecule must somehow specify how to assemble proteins, which are needed to regulate the various functions of each cell.. What kind of structure could serve this purpose without varying from cell to cell?. Essential idea: The structure of DNA allows efficient storage of genetic information.. There is 2m of DNA in each human cell, however the most cells in the human body have a diameter of 10 . μm. . This DNA is divided in chromosomes and coiled around proteins called histones so that it can be efficiently stored in each cell's nucleus. The human genome project which has decoded the case sequence for the whole 2m of the human genome requires a data warehouse (pictured) to store the information electronically. This should give a good idea of just how efficient DNA is at storing information and why it needs to be so.. 7. Lactose digestions in . E. coli. begins with its hydrolysis by the enzyme . -. galactosidase. , . lacZ. , is part of a . coordinatley. regulated operon containing the genes required for lactose utilization. Which of the following figures correctly depicts the interactions at the . 16 Atomic structure of DNA,by Madeleine Price Ball (Wikimedia Commons) Topic Objectives TaskBloom’sBIOL 102 CoreCoreto explain DNA polarity notationtemperature on DNA structure MOLECULAR GENETICS histones. (50%). Five major . histones. ; H2A, H2B, H3, H4 and H1 highly basic (. Arg. and Lys >25%). Roger Kornberg in 1974; . Chromatin. is made up of repeating units called . nucleosomes. , each containing 200 . . What is DNA?. DNA is a . Nucleic Acid in the nucleus. Polymer of . Nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of. Deoxy. ribose (5-carbon sugar) . Phosphate group. a nitrogen-containing base. Four bases. DNA Structure Simulation. Before we begin, let’s investigate the way DNA molecules are set up!. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/molecules/builddna/. The Structure of DNA. What is DNA?. A bit about DNA….