PPT-2.6 Structure of DNA & RNA

Nucleic Acids What do we know already i The nucleic acids DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides Nucleotides consist of 3 parts A 5carbon sugar ribose or deoxyribose A phosphate group acidic amp negativelycharged. DNA: Picture 51. http://info.bio.cmu.edu/courses/03231/ProtStruc/ProtStruc.htm. B-DNA: The advent of modeling. http://molvis.sdsc.edu/pdb/dna_b_form.pdb. 46 Å. . 12 base sequence. (1953-2003). DNA: Size, Shape & Self Assembly. Unless you have an identical twin, you, like the sisters in this picture will share some, but not all . characteristics . with family members. DNA. The . instructions. for inherited traits are called genes.. Sequence Differences in the. Human . Transcriptome. Mingyao. Li. , Isabel . X. Wang. , . Yun. Li, . Alan . Bruzel. , . Allison L. Richards. ,. Jonathan M. . Toung. , . Vivian G. . Cheung. Mahnaz. . 2.6 Structure of DNA & RNA. Understandings:. The nucleic acids DNA & RNA are polymers of nucleotides.. DNA differs from RNA in the # of strands normally present, the base composition & type of pentose.. Essential idea: The structure of DNA allows efficient storage of genetic information.. There is 2m of DNA in each human cell, however the most cells in the human body have a diameter of 10 . μm. . This DNA is divided in chromosomes and coiled around proteins called histones so that it can be efficiently stored in each cell's nucleus. The human genome project which has decoded the case sequence for the whole 2m of the human genome requires a data warehouse (pictured) to store the information electronically. This should give a good idea of just how efficient DNA is at storing information and why it needs to be so.. CHM . 341. Suroviec. . Fall . 2016. I. . Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids and Bases. Bases. Planar, aromatic, heterocyclic. Purine (2 rings). Pyrimidine (1 ring) . Adenine (A). Guanine (G). Thyamine (T). synthesis). A. Prokaryotes: RNA polymerase, . Promoters – sigma factor. B. Eukaryotes: RNA polymerases, . Promoters – transcription factors. . 1 strand of . dsDNA. used as template to synthesize complimentary . What do all of these organisms have in common?. . They all share a universal genetic code.. DNA and RNA are Nucleic Acids. What is a nucleic acid?. Nucleic acids are one of the major organic biomolecules.. Chapters 16 and 17. Before the end of the semester we will be covering…. Historical DNA experiments. Structure of DNA/RNA. DNA Replication. Protein Synthesis (Transcription and Translation). Mutations. Transformation. 1928- . Frederick Griffith . was trying to figure out how bacteria made people sick. Pneumonia. Cause of pneumonia was not a chemical poison released by disease causing bacteria. The heat killed bacteria had passed their disease-causing ability to the harmless strain. Essential idea: . The structure of DNA allows efficient storage of genetic information. . 2.6 Structure of DNA and RNA. Nature . of science: . Using . models as representation of the real world—Crick and Watson used model making to discover the structure of DNA. (1.10) . RNA is made of a long chain of nucleotides.. Differences between DNA and RNA:. 1 – the sugar on RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose. 2 – RNA is generally single-stranded. 3 – RNA contains uracil in place of thymine. .. The length of the transcription bubble is about 12 to 14 . bp. , but the length of the RNA–DNA hybrid within the bubble is only 8 to 9 . bp. . As the enzyme moves along the template, the DNA duplex reforms. DNA. D. eoxyribose . N. ucleic . A. cid. Double Helix. Twisted Ladder. Sides of the Ladder. Deoxyribose Sugar . Phosphate. 4 Nitrogen Bases. Pyrimidines. Cytosine. Thymine. Purines. Adenine. Guanine.