PPT-Chapter 4 Syntax

1 2 Lexical Analysis converting a sequence of characters into a sequence of tokens Why split lexical analysis from parsing Simplifies design Parsers with whitespace and comments are more awkward. Syntax: the analysis of sentence construction.. Essential Idea: Syntax must be examined as to how it contributes to and enhances meaning and effect.. Definition . Telegraphic: Sentence shorter than five words. Close Reading & Reading Closely. Definition of Syntax. the . way in which linguistic elements (as words) are put together to form constituents (as phrases or clauses. ) . from Merriam Webster. The arrangement of words, sentences, phrases and parts of language to form meaning. The understanding of syntax is part of the study of linguistics.. 1. Lexical and Syntactic Analysis. Chomsky Grammar Hierarchy. Lexical Analysis . –. Tokenizing. Syntactic Analysis – . Parsing. Lexical analysis is called . scanning . in your text.. Programming Languages. , . Semantics. , . and. . Comprehension. What is the difference between syntax and semantics. . Semantics- Grammatical rules for assigning meaning to a sentence. . Syntax- Grammatical rules for specifying correct word order and inflectional structure in a sentence. Doing this does not really give a clear explanation of the differences between the two. It is . P. Sebastian. Part 1. What is Syntax?. “Syntax is concerned with how expressions combine with one another to form larger expressions.” . How is grammaticality judged?. “Ask yourself whether you could utter the string in question, whether you have ever heard it uttered, and whether you know or can imagine other native speakers of the same language who would utter it.” . Hieu Hoang. MT Marathon 2011 Trento. Contents. What is a syntactic model?. What’s wrong with Syntax?. Which syntax model to use?. Why use syntactic models?. Mixed-Syntax Model. Extraction. Decoding. The Power of Word Combinations. I. Syntax Indicators. A. Sentence Function. B. Grammatical Classification. C. Sentence Length. Short, Long, or Combination.. *Lengthy sentences followed by a very short one will effectively stress a point. . The Power of Word Combinations. I. Syntax Indicators. A. Sentence Function. B. Grammatical Classification. C. Sentence Length. Short, Long, or Combination.. *Lengthy sentences followed by a very short one will effectively stress a point. . Role of Semantic Analysis. . Following parsing, the next two phases of the "typical" compiler are . semantic analysis. (intermediate) code generation. The principal job of the semantic analyzer is to enforce static semantic rules. That arrangement contributes to and enhances meaning and effect.. Or more simply:. It’s how authors put words and phrases together. . Syntax helps authors effectively make their points.. One thing Syntax does is control pacing.. Chapter 3 Topics. Introduction. The General Problem of Describing Syntax. Formal Methods of Describing Syntax. Attribute Grammars. Describing . the Meanings of Programs: Dynamic Semantics. 1-. 2. Introduction. Quick-write. Analyzing Syntax. Reading and questions. Chapter 7. Homework:. Chapter 7 – Reading and Questions. Take out:. Pen/Pencil. Homework. “Determining and Analyzing Syntax”. Notebook. The Great Gatsby. . “But what is the question?”. “To be or not to be, duh, that’s the question”. “yeah, I know, but what does that mean?”. Today’s Focus Questions:. Focus Questions. How can Yoda help us understand Shakespeare?. Chapter Eight Syntax Syntax When we concentrate on the structure and order of components within a sentence we are studying the syntax of a language. Syntax (from Greek) = ‘putting together’ In early approaches to syntax, there was a focus on the description of the ordering of elements in the