Adjectival Adverbial Nomial Dependent clauses may work like adverbs adjectives or nouns in complex sentences Recognize an adjective clause when you see one An adjective clausealso called an ID: 318801
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Slide1
Dependent Clauses: Adjectival, Adverbial, Nomial
Dependent clauses may work like adverbs, adjectives, or nouns in complex sentences.Slide2
Recognize an adjective clause when you see one.
An
adjective clause—also called an
adjectival
or
relative
clause—will meet three requirements:
it will contain a
subject
and
verb
.
it will begin with a
relative
pronoun
[
who
,
whom
,
whose
,
that
, or
which
] or
a
relative adverb
[
when
,
where
, or
why
].
it
will function as an
adjective
, answering the questions
What kind?
How many?
or
Which one?Slide3
Adjective Clauses
Adjective clauses modify nouns or pronouns.
An adjective clause nearly always appears immediately following the noun or pronoun.
To test for adjective clauses ask:
Which one? What kind? How many?Slide4
Examples
Diane felt manipulated by her beagle Santana,
whose big, brown eyes pleaded for another cookie
.
Whose
= relative pronoun;
eyes
= subject;
pleaded
= verb
.
Chewing with her mouth open is one reason
why Fred cannot stand sitting across from his sister Melanie
.
Why
= relative adverb;
Fred
= subject;
can stand
= verb [
not
, an
adverb
, is not officially part of the verb
].
Growling ferociously, Oreo and
Skeeter
, Madison's two dogs, competed for the hardboiled egg
that bounced across the kitchen floor
.
That
= relative pronoun functioning as subject;
bounced
= verb.Slide5
Practice- Adj. Clause present or Not?
I bought a car from
Merdine
, and it turned out to be a
lemon.
none
Mr
. Mann has small, dark eyes, which peer inquisitively from behind metal-rimmed glasses
.
which peer inquisitively from behind metal-rimmed glassesSlide6
Practice- Adj. Clause ?
I have lost my wedding ring, which is worth at least ten dollars.
w
hich is worth at least ten dollars
People who smoke cigarettes should be considerate of nonsmokers.
who smoke cigarettesSlide7
Adverb ClausesSlide8
Recognize an adverb clause when you see one.
An
adverb clause will meet three requirements:
it will contain a
subject
and
verb
.
You
will also find a
subordinate conjunction
that keeps the clause from expressing a complete
thought.
you
will notice that the clause answers one of
these
adverb
questions
:
How
?
When?
Where? To what degree?
or
Why
?Slide9
Common subordinating conjunctions:
after
in order (that)
unless
although
insofar as
until
as
in that
when
as far as
whenever
as soon as
no matter how
where
as if
now that
wherever
as though
once
whether
because
provided (that)
while
before
since
why
even if
so that
even though
supposing (that)
how
than
if
that
though
in case (that)
tillSlide10
Examples
Tommy
scrubbed the bathroom tile until his arms ached.
How
did Tommy scrub?
Until his arms ached
, an adverb clause.
Josephine's three cats bolted from the driveway once they saw her car turn the corner.
When
did the cats bolt?
Once they saw her car turn the corner
, an adverb clause.
After her appointment at the orthodontist, Danielle cooked eggs for dinner because she could easily chew an omelet.
Why
did Danielle cook eggs?
Because she could easily chew an omelet
, an adverb clause
.Slide11
Practice
If
you don't know where you are going, any road will get you there
.
I
f you don't know where you are going
,
Memory is deceptive because it is colored by today's events
.
because it is colored by today's events
.
You
have to kiss a lot of toads before you find a handsome prince
.
before you find a handsome prince
.
As
soon as you forbid something, you make it extraordinarily appealing
.
As soon as you forbid something
,Slide12
Noun ClausesSlide13
Noun or Nomial Clause
A noun clause is a clause that plays the role of a noun. For example (noun clauses shaded
):
I
like
what I
see
.
I
know
that the tide is turning
.
Compare the examples
above to
these:
I
like
cakes
.
I know
London
.Slide14
Examples of Noun Clauses
That
he believes his own story
is remarkable. (Jerome
Blattner
)
(
This noun clause is the subject of the sentence. Be aware that starting a sentence with a noun clause starting
That
is acceptable, but it grates on lots of people's ears. As a result, many writers prefer to precede it with "The fact
…".)
My one regret in life is
that I am not someone else
. (Woody Allen
)
(
This noun clause is a subject complement.)
Ask
your child
what he wants for dinner
only if he's buying. (Fran
Lebowitz
)
(This noun clause is the
direct object
of
ask
.)Slide15
How do noun clauses differ from other dependent clauses?
Other
dependent clauses act as adjectives and adverbs. We can remove them and still have a complete independent clause left, with a subject and verb and any necessary complements.
That is not the case with most noun clauses. A clause acting as an indirect object or an appositive may be removable, but other types of noun clauses are too essential to the sentence to be removed. Consider these examples:
Whether you drive or fly
is up to you.
I wondered
if you would like to go to the barbecue
.
Sandy led us to
where she had last seen the canoe
.
If
we remove these noun clauses, what is left will not make much sense:
is up to you
I wondered
Sandy led us
toSlide16
Appositives
An appositive is a noun, pronoun, or nominal (a word or word group acting as a noun) that is placed next to a noun to explain it
.
For example, in the following sentence, the noun phrase
the mayor of Riverton
is an appositive explaining who John Allen is
:
John
Allen, the mayor of Riverton, is speaking tonight.
Noun clauses are
nominals
and can act as appositives. In that case, they may require commas if they are not essential to the meaning of the sentence:
I did not believe his original statement,
that he had won the lottery
, until he proved it to us
.Slide17
Practice
The old man knew where the treasure was kept.
where the treasure was kept.
I'll
never forget what happened on our way to the
carnival.
what happened on our way to the carnival
I
knew that the safe was behind the
picture.
that the safe was behind the picture
.
What
happened on June 30, 1973, will never be forgotten in our town.
What happened on June 30, 1973