31 January COMP 381 Ownership and property Rights of ownership Blackstonian Bundle Exclude anyone from the property Use it as sees fit Receive income from Transfer property to someone else Intellectual property intellectual objects ID: 366778
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Intellectual property" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Intellectual property31 January
COMP 381Slide2
Ownership and propertyRights of ownership: Blackstonian BundleExclude anyone from the property
Use it as sees fit
Receive income fromTransfer property to someone elseIntellectual property: intellectual objects
What is Intellectual Property?Slide3
Physical objects Zero-sum gain: one user at a timeSignificant cost in both development and replication
Intellectual objects
Used by many at onceSignificant cost in development, marginal cost in replication
Is Intellectual Property Different than Real Property? Slide4
Need for Protection
Bentham: knowledge of future ownership is incentive to increase value
Landes/Posner: need to recover the development costsSlide5
Locke’s Labor-Desert Theory
Hegel’s Personality Theory
Utilitarian: greatest good
Ethical Support for IPSlide6
Locke
Natural right to the fruits of your labor
Labor unpleasant, therefore reap rewardsLockean provisoOnly take what you needAssumption of plenitudeSlide7
Hegel
Property rights essential for personal expression
What we produce is an extension of our personalitySlide8
Utilitarianism
Provide enough protection to make large investments worthwhileSlide9
Free flow of ideasFirst amendment freedom of speechCreative ideas build on society and culture
Noel Capon
Ethical Support against IPSlide10
Copying copyrighted materialsUsing copyrighted materials
Digital rights management
Business method patents and e-commerceOwnership of domain namesHyperlinks
Metatags
Ethical DilemmasSlide11
CopyrightPatentTrademark
Legal ProtectionSlide12
Copyright Term Extension Act1790: 14 + renew1909: 28 + renew
1976 : author + 50, corporate 75
1998: author + 70, corporate 95Digital Millennium Copyright Act (1996)Copying
Enabling copying
CopyrightSlide13
Physical objectsProcess, machine or composition of matterNOT laws of nature, scientific principles, algorithms
Criteria
NovelNot previously describedNon-obvious
Useful
PatentsSlide14
Word, phrase or symbol“Pithily” identifiesInfringement: used by someone else
Dilutions
Blurring – dissimilar productsTarnishment – negative or compromising
TrademarksSlide15
Responsibility of those enabling itSoftwareNetwork providers
Cases: software
NapsterGrocksterBit Torrent Cases: network providers
Verizon
Copying copyrighted materials Slide16
Sampling: small bits of musicGood Copy, Bad
Copy
Steal This Film IIDigital manipulation
Using Copyright MaterialSlide17
Lessig’s law and codeDigital is easier to reproduce, distribute, …Software or hardware to protect
But allows content provider to
constrain who can useFair useDeCSS case
track who is viewing
Digital Rights ManagementSlide18
Processes vs. algorithmsEase of useExamples
Name Your Price (Priceline)
One-click (Amazon)Business Process PatentsSlide19
Cybersquatting.net, .org, .com, …
Punctuation (hyphenation, etc.)
Phrases, nicknamesParody, criticism, complaint (cybergriping)Property rights vs. free speechBringing people to the site under false pretenses
Including the name in the url vs. appearing to be the site
Domain NamesSlide20
Responsibility to usersMaking it clear that its another siteProtection from inappropriate material
Responsibility to other site owners
Bypassing advertisementsTicketmaster and Microsoft
HyperlinksSlide21
What are they?Invisible content used for searching and advertisingGeting more leverage
Search engines
Banner adsTechniquesMultiple tags to get more leverage
Tags that are unrelated
Metatags