PAY ATTENTION Do Now Aristotle warned that humans make errors in their thinking Describe a scenario where this might occur Get out your cell phone Scroll on F acebooktwitter for the next three minutes ID: 343002
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Slide1
Irrational Reasoning
PAY ATTENTION! Slide2
Do Now
Aristotle warned that humans make errors in their thinking. Describe a scenario where this might occur. Slide3
Get out your cell phone.
Scroll on
F
acebook/twitter for the next three minutes.
Act as normally as you can with this. Do not interact with your peers.
Did you notice anything else happening in the room? Slide4
Count the people.
Youtube
: Slide5
Mindlessness
Your brain on auto-pilot.
Three statements:
“Excuse me, may I use the copy machine.”
“Excuse me, may I use the copy machine to make copies.”
“Excuse me, may I use the copy machine, I am in a rush.”
Langer, Blank,
Chanowitz
(1978). Slide6
The Consequences of Mindlessness
The development of the teenage pre-frontal cortex is CRITICAL for them to make sound decisions later in life.
If you are mindless, you are more likely to engage in poor decision making.
Recent research says that teenager’s use of cell phones/ social media is preventing their prefrontal cortex from developing, limiting their identity development and causing high rates of episodic depression. Slide7
What are some examples of ways to prevent
mindlessness
that we have spoken about? Slide8
Heuristics and Bias
*happen most often when
mindlessness exists
*
Heuristics: Rely on “common sense.”
Bias: Based on tendencies (behavior patterns) and assumptions based on background knowledge. Slide9
Let’s Trick Some Kids
You are going to write questions to test irrational thinking on students or your family. Slide10
In your books: page 231
Write the definitions (in your own words) and then in your partner group, write questions that would demonstrate the bias or heuristic. Slide11
Affect Heuristic
We all have the tendency to exaggerate the probability of unlikely events. Our brains were not designed to be alarmed to FUTURE threats.
The tendency to consult one’s emotions instead of logical analysis of problem. Slide12
Affect Heuristic Example Slide13
Availability Heuristic
The tendency to judge the probability of a type of event by how easy it is to think of examples or instances. Slide14
Availability Heuristics
Shark attacks.
Lottery winning. Slide15
Framing Effect
A quick demonstration. Slide16
The Framing Effect
Problem one:
First program:
100% probability that 1/3 are saved.
Second program:
1/3 probability that all are saved.
2/3 probability that nobody is saved. Slide17
Framing Effect
Problem 2:
First program:
100% probability that 2/3 die
Second program:
1/3 probability that nobody dies
2/3 probability that all dieSlide18
Framing Effect
The tendency for people’s choice to be affected by how choice is presented or framed, such as whether it is worded in terms of potential losses or gains. Slide19
Fairness Bias
Ultimatum game and behavioral economics.
Would you share your money? Slide20
The Hindsight Bias
Example:
Youtube
video. How many miles would we travel at 80 miles per hour?
The tendency to overestimate one’s ability to have predicted an event once the outcome is known.
“I knew it all along.”Slide21
Confirmation Bias
Paying attention to only evidence that confirms their belief.