PDF-Linguistics meets "legalese": syntax, semantics, and jury instruction

Janet Randall 1 and Lucas Graf LSA Annual Meeting Minneapolis January 2 5 2014 1 Background A movement is underway across the US to reform jury instructions the instructions that a j. California revised its jury instructions in 2003, because jurors found many of them incomprehensible and sometimes returned misinformed verdicts (Benson, 1984; Marder, 2006). Now, a Massachusetts tas Computer Science Department. University of Bologna/INRIA. Italy. Causal-Consistent Reversibility. in a Tuple-Based . Language. Joint work with . Elena . Giachino. ,. . Claudio Antares Mezzina and Francesco Tiezzi. IMT Advanced . Studies. . Lucca. Causal-Consistent Reversibility. in a Tuple-Based Distributed Language. Joint work with . Elena Giachino, . Ivan Lanese and Claudio . Mezzina. CINA. 2nd . Gen. Meeting . , . Semantics. , . and. . Comprehension. What is the difference between syntax and semantics. . Semantics- Grammatical rules for assigning meaning to a sentence. . Syntax- Grammatical rules for specifying correct word order and inflectional structure in a sentence. Doing this does not really give a clear explanation of the differences between the two. It is . P. Sebastian. Part 1. What is Syntax?. “Syntax is concerned with how expressions combine with one another to form larger expressions.” . How is grammaticality judged?. “Ask yourself whether you could utter the string in question, whether you have ever heard it uttered, and whether you know or can imagine other native speakers of the same language who would utter it.” . Chapter Three. Modern Programming Languages, 2nd ed.. 1. Three “Equivalent” Grammars. Chapter Three. Modern Programming Languages, 2nd ed.. 2. G1. : <. subexp. > ::= . a. | . b. | . c. | <. Linguistics . is . the scientific study . of. . human . natural . language. . . Theoretical linguistics . involves the systematic and analytical study . of: . speech . sounds. , . words. , . sentences. What does it mean?. Notes from Robert Sebesta Programming Languages. Syntax. Rules for the language. In English some syntax rules are:. Sentence starts with capital letter. Sentence ends with ‘.’, ‘?’, ‘!’. A branch of linguistics dealing with the study of meaning, including the ways meaning is structured in language and changes in meaning and form over time . (Random House Webster’s Dictionary). Semantics, roughly defined, is the study of meaning. scientific study. of language. . The . word ‘language’ here . means language . in general, not a particular language.. According to Robins (1985), linguistics. is concerned with human language as a universal and recognizable . Chapter 3: Describing Syntax and Semantics. - Introduction. - The General Problem of Describing Syntax. - Formal Methods of Describing Syntax. - Attribute Grammars. - Describing the Meanings of Programs: Dynamic Semantics. Chapter 3 Topics. Introduction. The General Problem of Describing Syntax. Formal Methods of Describing Syntax. Attribute Grammars. Describing . the Meanings of Programs: Dynamic Semantics. 1-. 2. Introduction. Fakry. . Hamdani. LINGUISTICS. Linguistics . (. n.. ) The scientific study of language; also called . linguistic . science. . (. David Crystal:2008). Linguistics. is a comparatively new science, or new, at least, in the form it has taken in recent years. The science seeks to answer the following questions: (a) what exactly do we know when we know a language (b) how is this knowledge acquired and (c) how is such knowledge used? (Petra). Brezina, V. (2018). . Statistics in Corpus Linguistics: A Practical Guide. . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.. 1. What is statistics? Science, corpus linguistics and statistics. Brezina, V. (2018). .