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Chapter 1:  	 Principles of Animal Behavior Chapter 1:  	 Principles of Animal Behavior

Chapter 1: Principles of Animal Behavior - PowerPoint Presentation

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Chapter 1: Principles of Animal Behavior - PPT Presentation

1 Science and Scientific Questions 2 Types of questions and levels of analysis 3 Behavior what is it 4 Foundations upon which we will build 5 Approaches to the study of behavior 1 Science and Scientific Questions ID: 707710

common behavior approaches mole behavior common mole approaches xenophobia scientific questions sex selection species survive natural fitness tinbergen time

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Slide1

Chapter 1:

Principles of Animal Behavior

1. Science and Scientific Questions

2. Types of questions and levels of analysis

3. Behavior- what is it?

4. Foundations upon which we will build

5. Approaches to the study of behaviorSlide2

1. Science and Scientific Questions

The Scientific

M

ethod

EthologySlide3
Slide4
Slide5

2. Types of questions and levels of analysisSlide6

Tinbergen, N. (1963)

On Aims and Methods of

Ethnology

.

Zeitschrift

für

Tierpsychologie

20:410-433. Slide7

3. Behavior- what is it?Niko Tinbergen (1952)

“The total movements made by the intact” animal1963 Nobel Prize

Lorenz,

Tinbergen

, and Von Frisch

“For

their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social

behaviour

patterns"

Konrad Lorenz

Karl von FrischSlide8

4. Three foundations upon which we will

buildAnimal behavior classes are filled with stories!But we need clear cut hypothesis testing and data gathering.

Natural Selection

shapes behavior through heritability

Individual Learning

alters frequency of behaviors within a single animal’s lifetime

Cultural Transmission

can allow newly learned behaviors to spread within populationsSlide9

In his 1859 book, On Origin of Species, Charles Darwin proposed the mechanism of natural selection to explain how life on earth has changed over geological time and how new species emerge from common ancestors. Darwin proposed natural selection as a mechanism of how populations change through time, or evolve. The five principal components of natural selection are as follows

:Organisms produce more offspring than will actually survive to reproduce.

Every organism struggles to survive.

There is variation within species.

Some variations among members of a species allow their bearers to survive and reproduce better than others.

Organisms that survive and reproduce pass their traits to their offspring, and the helpful traits gradually appear in more and more of the population.Slide10

Hawaii Island Crickets:

Evolutionary Tradeoffs

Marlene

Zuk

, UMN

Sex versus Survival…

hang out with your friends

The 'cheerleading effect‘ ?Slide11

Xenophobia in Common Mole Rats

Spinks, A.C., O'Riain, M.J., &

Polakow

, DA (1998). Intercolonial

encounters and xenophobia in the common mole rat,

Cryptomys

hottentotus

hottentotus

(

Bathyergidae

): the effects of aridity, sex, and reproductive status.

Behavioral Ecology, 9 (4), 354-359.

Common mole-rat1(10.5 to

16.5 

cm) Thick grey to brown fur

B

ody

is cylindrical with short

appendages

Common

mole-rats have

un-grooved

chisel-like incisors that are used for

digging, feeding

and fighting

A

nimals that live in stable groups (social, underground rodents)trend to display a fear of “strangers” (unknown individuals from outside the one’s own group).

This is called xenophobia. It has been suggested that xenophobia may be strangest where resources are scarce.Slide12

Spinks et al (1998)found that individuals were more likely to reject a potential partner via aggression when both mole rats came from an arid* environment (green bars) with few resources rather than from a more resource-rich 

mesic* environment (orange bars). However, opposite-sex aggression to strangers is less than same-sex interactions.

*Mesic

environments have about four time more rainfall than

arid

environments.Slide13

Individual LearningSlide14
Slide15
Slide16
Slide17
Slide18
Slide19
Slide20

Cultural

TransmissionSlide21
Slide22
Slide23
Slide24
Slide25

Conceptual Approaches

Direct Fitness

Indirect Fitness

Inclusive FitnessSlide26
Slide27

Theoretical Approaches

Optimal Foraging StrategySlide28

Empirical

Approaches

Using the Scientific MethodSlide29

Sociobiology

1975