Types of Fabrics Fabric Construction The Three Basic Types of Fabric WOVEN KNIT NONWOVEN Woven Fabrics Made on a loom Harnesses Hold the Warp or lengthwise yarns during weaving Go up and down and determine the weaving pattern ID: 278970
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Fabric construction" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Fabric construction
Types of FabricsSlide2
Fabric Construction
The Three Basic Types of Fabric:
WOVEN
KNIT
NON-WOVENSlide3
Woven Fabrics
Made on a loom
Harnesses
Hold the Warp or lengthwise yarns during weaving
Go up and down and determine the weaving pattern ShuttleHolds the weft or crosswise yarn during weaving. Shuttles are thrown back and forth in between rows of lengthwise yarns Slide4
Hand WeavingSlide5
Power Loom Slide6
Woven Fabrics
Made
on a loom
Lengthwise yarns are vertical (WARP)
Lengthwise yarns are stronger
Go up and down on your body Crosswise yarns are horizontal (WEFT)
Go across your body Slide7
Woven Fabrics
Plain
Twill
Satin
Three Basic Types of Woven Fabrics Are:Slide8
It is called a “PLAIN WEAVE” because it is the most simple type of weave.
The first yarn will go over one and then under one.
The second yarn will do exactly the opposite.
The third one, will repeat the first and the forth one will repeat the second.
Plain WeaveSlide9
Plain WeaveSlide10
Twill Weave
The “TWILL WEAVE” is designed for STRENGTH & DURABILITY.
The first yarn will go over Two and then under two of the lengthwise yarns.
The second yarn will rotate one over and then repeat the same pattern.
The third one rotate one over again, and then repeat the same pattern
When it is finished, you will see the illusion of a diagonal appearance. Slide11
Twill WeaveSlide12
Satin Weave
The “SATIN WEAVE” is designed to create a shine on the surface of the fabric.
To get a shine there must be two things happening.
1. The type of fiber must be made of
a
fiber
that can shine.
2. The way it is woven will enhance
the
shine capability
This style of weave is called a “Random Weave” because there is no order to the weave of the crosswise yarns. Slide13
Satin WeaveSlide14Slide15
Knits
Knits are made of interlocking loops
Characteristics of knit fabrics
Stretches
Resilient (which means returns to original shape
Wrinkle ResistantSlide16
Knits
The
“Knit Side”
shows the face of the fabric
“Purl Side”
shows the back of it.
Slide17
Knits
:
-Single
Knit /
Jersey-
Has a front
(KNIT SIDE)
and back
(PURL SIDE)
.
The edge will curl when you stretch it.
It is the only one that the front and back
look
different.Slide18
Knits:
-Double-
Two layers of jersey made back to back.
Looks the same on both sides.
The edge does not curl. Slide19
Knits
–
Ribbed-
Looks
the same on both sides.
You
will see ridges in between the knit rows.
It
has an ultra-stretchSlide20
Non Woven
Fabric is made by gluing fibers together.
Characteristics:
It does not have “GRAIN”
It has No resilience.
If you stretch it does not return to its original shape
Requires special sewing techniques
Typically Used for Crafts & Décor itemsSlide21
NonWoven
EXAMPLES
Felt
– Felt is a fabric that is used mostly for crafts.
- It has very little stability or resilience. - It usually comes in brilliant colors.Felt& Felt CraftsSlide22
NonWoven
Interfacing
-Interfacing is used to stabilize fabrics and change the body.
In some places on a garment may need more stiffness, strength or heavier drape.
On this Jacket Interfacing is used in the collar, the lapel and the cuffs to help them be more functional.Slide23
NonWoven
Dryer Sheet
- A dryer sheet is made from the same material as the interfacing. The difference is that the dryer sheet has fabric softener applied to it. The fabric Softener will melt in the dryer heat and go into the laundry.Slide24
NonWoven
Batting
-Batting is used on the inside of a quilt or wall hanging. This is the part of the blankets that makes the blanket heavier and warmer than just two pieces of fabric together.Slide25
NonWoven
Diapers
-Diapers are a great use of non
wovens
. And they help keep children dry. The non woven fibers are used on disposable diapers to hold the diaper together from the outsideSlide26
Fabric CharacteristicsSlide27
Fabric Characteristics
Selvage Edge:
The uncut edges that do not fray
Follows the lengthwise direction of the fabricCut/Raw Edge: This is the edge that is cut and will frayLengthwise Grain: Also called the “Warp Yarns/Threads” These are the longest yarns in the fabricCrosswise Grain: Also called the “Weft Yarns/Threads” These yarns go from Selvage to SelvageSlide28
Fabric Characteristics
Selvage EdgeSlide29
Fabric Characteristics
Straight of Grain:
Refers to the lengthwise direction of the fabric…
True-Bias: Refers to the diagonal Direction on the fabric…Slide30
Fabric CharacteristicsSlide31
Important Information you need to know about FabricSlide32
How are
“woven”
fabrics made?
Woven Fabrics are made on a
“Loom”Slide33
How are
“knit”
fabrics made?
A yarn that is looped together to create a solid piece of fabric with a stretchSlide34
How are
“non-woven”
fabrics made?
Random fibers that are glued together.
There is not a straight of grain on “non-woven” fabrics.“Non-woven” fabrics are not durable because of the way they are made.Slide35
What is the
“selvage edge”
?
“Selvage Edge”
is the un-cut edge that doesn’t fray…… and follows the “lengthwise grain” of the fabric
.Slide36
What does it mean to work with the
“true-bias”
?
Cutting the fabric at a 45* degree, diagonal angleSlide37
What are some unique characteristics when working with fabric on the
“bias”
?
Fabric that does not normally stretch, will stretch on the “bias”Slide38
What are some unique characteristics when working with fabric on the
“bias”
?
Fabric cut on the “bias” can change the direction of a print
Fabric cut on the “bias” changes the way the fabric drapes the bodySlide39
What does it mean for fabric to be
“On Grain”
?Slide40
Why is important to cut out your fabric
“on grain”
?
Fabric cut
“off grain” will make the seams hang crookedSlide41
How is
“lengthwise grain”
related to
“selvage edge”
?The “lengthwise grain” follows the same direction as the “selvage edge”Slide42
Fibers & FABRICS QUIZ
Go to the following website. Take the fibers & fabrics quiz.
Click on the link below. When it directs you to the website, hit the refresh button.
Or you can open Internet Explorer and type this web address into your browser.
You need to make sure to enter your first and last name and click the button that says “login and start”www.ucutips.org/~hhutchings Your results will be sent to Mrs. Hutchings email address.
When you are finished with the quiz, ask Mrs. Hutchings for your fabric swatches so you can attach them to your packet.Last, You need to get the Quiz Fabrics From Mrs. Hutchings!