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Fabric construction Fabric construction

Fabric construction - PowerPoint Presentation

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Fabric construction - PPT Presentation

Types of Fabrics Fabric Construction The Three Basic Types of Fabric WOVEN KNIT NONWOVEN Woven Fabrics Made on a loom Harnesses Hold the Warp or lengthwise yarns during weaving Go up and down and determine the weaving pattern ID: 278970

fabrics fabric lengthwise yarns fabric fabrics yarns lengthwise woven weave characteristics selvage edge grain

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Slide1

Fabric construction

Types of FabricsSlide2

Fabric Construction

The Three Basic Types of Fabric:

WOVEN

KNIT

NON-WOVENSlide3

Woven Fabrics

Made on a loom

Harnesses

Hold the Warp or lengthwise yarns during weaving

Go up and down and determine the weaving pattern ShuttleHolds the weft or crosswise yarn during weaving. Shuttles are thrown back and forth in between rows of lengthwise yarns Slide4

Hand WeavingSlide5

Power Loom Slide6

Woven Fabrics

Made

on a loom

Lengthwise yarns are vertical (WARP)

Lengthwise yarns are stronger

Go up and down on your body Crosswise yarns are horizontal (WEFT)

Go across your body Slide7

Woven Fabrics

Plain

Twill

Satin

Three Basic Types of Woven Fabrics Are:Slide8

It is called a “PLAIN WEAVE” because it is the most simple type of weave.

The first yarn will go over one and then under one.

The second yarn will do exactly the opposite.

The third one, will repeat the first and the forth one will repeat the second.

Plain WeaveSlide9

Plain WeaveSlide10

Twill Weave

The “TWILL WEAVE” is designed for STRENGTH & DURABILITY.

The first yarn will go over Two and then under two of the lengthwise yarns.

The second yarn will rotate one over and then repeat the same pattern.

The third one rotate one over again, and then repeat the same pattern

When it is finished, you will see the illusion of a diagonal appearance. Slide11

Twill WeaveSlide12

Satin Weave

The “SATIN WEAVE” is designed to create a shine on the surface of the fabric.

To get a shine there must be two things happening.

1. The type of fiber must be made of

a

fiber

that can shine.

2. The way it is woven will enhance

the

shine capability

This style of weave is called a “Random Weave” because there is no order to the weave of the crosswise yarns. Slide13

Satin WeaveSlide14
Slide15

Knits

Knits are made of interlocking loops

Characteristics of knit fabrics

Stretches

Resilient (which means returns to original shape

Wrinkle ResistantSlide16

Knits

The

“Knit Side”

shows the face of the fabric

“Purl Side”

shows the back of it.

Slide17

Knits

:

-Single

Knit /

Jersey-

Has a front

(KNIT SIDE)

and back

(PURL SIDE)

.

The edge will curl when you stretch it.

It is the only one that the front and back

look

different.Slide18

Knits:

-Double-

Two layers of jersey made back to back.

Looks the same on both sides.

The edge does not curl. Slide19

Knits

Ribbed-

Looks

the same on both sides.

You

will see ridges in between the knit rows.

It

has an ultra-stretchSlide20

Non Woven

Fabric is made by gluing fibers together.

Characteristics:

It does not have “GRAIN”

It has No resilience.

If you stretch it does not return to its original shape

Requires special sewing techniques

Typically Used for Crafts & Décor itemsSlide21

NonWoven

EXAMPLES

Felt

– Felt is a fabric that is used mostly for crafts.

- It has very little stability or resilience. - It usually comes in brilliant colors.Felt& Felt CraftsSlide22

NonWoven

Interfacing

-Interfacing is used to stabilize fabrics and change the body.

In some places on a garment may need more stiffness, strength or heavier drape.

On this Jacket Interfacing is used in the collar, the lapel and the cuffs to help them be more functional.Slide23

NonWoven

Dryer Sheet

- A dryer sheet is made from the same material as the interfacing. The difference is that the dryer sheet has fabric softener applied to it. The fabric Softener will melt in the dryer heat and go into the laundry.Slide24

NonWoven

Batting

-Batting is used on the inside of a quilt or wall hanging. This is the part of the blankets that makes the blanket heavier and warmer than just two pieces of fabric together.Slide25

NonWoven

Diapers

-Diapers are a great use of non

wovens

. And they help keep children dry. The non woven fibers are used on disposable diapers to hold the diaper together from the outsideSlide26

Fabric CharacteristicsSlide27

Fabric Characteristics

Selvage Edge:

The uncut edges that do not fray

Follows the lengthwise direction of the fabricCut/Raw Edge: This is the edge that is cut and will frayLengthwise Grain: Also called the “Warp Yarns/Threads” These are the longest yarns in the fabricCrosswise Grain: Also called the “Weft Yarns/Threads” These yarns go from Selvage to SelvageSlide28

Fabric Characteristics

Selvage EdgeSlide29

Fabric Characteristics

Straight of Grain:

Refers to the lengthwise direction of the fabric…

True-Bias: Refers to the diagonal Direction on the fabric…Slide30

Fabric CharacteristicsSlide31

Important Information you need to know about FabricSlide32

How are

“woven”

fabrics made?

Woven Fabrics are made on a

“Loom”Slide33

How are

“knit”

fabrics made?

A yarn that is looped together to create a solid piece of fabric with a stretchSlide34

How are

“non-woven”

fabrics made?

Random fibers that are glued together.

There is not a straight of grain on “non-woven” fabrics.“Non-woven” fabrics are not durable because of the way they are made.Slide35

What is the

“selvage edge”

?

“Selvage Edge”

is the un-cut edge that doesn’t fray…… and follows the “lengthwise grain” of the fabric

.Slide36

What does it mean to work with the

“true-bias”

?

Cutting the fabric at a 45* degree, diagonal angleSlide37

What are some unique characteristics when working with fabric on the

“bias”

?

Fabric that does not normally stretch, will stretch on the “bias”Slide38

What are some unique characteristics when working with fabric on the

“bias”

?

Fabric cut on the “bias” can change the direction of a print

Fabric cut on the “bias” changes the way the fabric drapes the bodySlide39

What does it mean for fabric to be

“On Grain”

?Slide40

Why is important to cut out your fabric

“on grain”

?

Fabric cut

“off grain” will make the seams hang crookedSlide41

How is

“lengthwise grain”

related to

“selvage edge”

?The “lengthwise grain” follows the same direction as the “selvage edge”Slide42

Fibers & FABRICS QUIZ

Go to the following website. Take the fibers & fabrics quiz.

Click on the link below. When it directs you to the website, hit the refresh button.

Or you can open Internet Explorer and type this web address into your browser.

You need to make sure to enter your first and last name and click the button that says “login and start”www.ucutips.org/~hhutchings Your results will be sent to Mrs. Hutchings email address.

When you are finished with the quiz, ask Mrs. Hutchings for your fabric swatches so you can attach them to your packet.Last, You need to get the Quiz Fabrics From Mrs. Hutchings!