PPT-Immobilising Enzymes

64 Cloning amp Biotechnology Learning Objectives Understand the methods used for immobilising enzymes Understand the advantages of using immobilised enzymes Enzymes as Catalysts Enzymes are used to speed up chemical metabolic reactions eg respiration or photosynthesis so why use enzymes in industry. Definition of an enzyme. Enzyme. is . protein . . catalyst. (i.e. . increase the rate of reactions. ). . NOT. changed during the reaction. Chapter 2: Section 2.5. 1. Objectives. SWBAT explain the effect of a catalyst on activation energy. . SWBAT describe how enzymes regulate chemical reactions. . and maintain homeostasis.. 2. Starter: How can this be possible. Understanding:. Enzymes have an active site to which specific substrates bind. Enzyme catalysis involves molecular motion and the collision of substrates with the active site. Temperature, pH and substrate concentration affect the rate of activity of enzymes. Enzymes as Catalysts. Enzymes are used to speed up chemical (metabolic) reactions e.g. respiration or photosynthesis- so why use enzymes in industry?. They are specific. can catalyse reactions between specific chemicals, even in a large mixture . Apoenzymes. , . Holoenzyme. , . Abzymes. , . Synzyme. , . Ribozyme. , . Extremozyme. , Historical Development in . Enzymology. , . Characteristics of enzymes, Enzyme Vs Chemical Catalysts. , Enzyme mechanism & Activation Energy, Enzyme Specificity, Fischer and . Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.. Everything that happens in a cell. Growth. Reproduction. Interaction with the environment. Response to stimuli. Is the result of a chemical reaction.. A chemical reaction is a change in the arrangement. Academic . Biology. Enzyme. A large protein molecule. Specific shape with deep folds on its surface. Deep folds form pockets called active site. Enzyme-Substrate. The shape of the . enzyme. . active site . Are specific for . what they . catalyze . and do not permanently change during reactions. End in the word -. ase. Function of Enzymes. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy (the amount of energy needed to start a reaction). . E S <=> ES <=> ES* <=> EP <=> E P. Michaelis-Menten Kinetics. E S <=> ES <=> ES* <=> EP <=> E P. Rate of Formation. Substrate. Product. Enzyme. Enzyme-. protein. !. Enzymes are . Biological . catalysts . that . increase. . the rate of metabolic reactions.. Since enzymes speed up chemical reaction rates, what are they called?. Catalyst- . A substance . Food biochemistry and food processing. 2012. Simpson B.K. (Ed.) 2. nd. . edition,. John Wiley & Sons, . Inc.. Enzymes in food processing. Advantages.. Enzymes are proteins with powerful catalytic . : An enzymes that breaks down nucleic acid molecule by breaking the phosphodiester bonds at end 3. / . or 5. /.. Endonucleases. : . An Enzyme that hydrolyzes internal phosphodiester bonds in a polynucleotide chain or nucleic acid molecules.. caesin. , . Proteolytic. enzymes (. papain. , . bromelain. , . serratiopeptidase. , . urokinase. , streptokinase, pepsin). UNIT V . PHARMACOGNOSY. DR NISHA SHARMA. ENZYMES . Enzymes are the proteins which act as biological catalysts.. Presented . by. Ms. . P. . . H. . Giri. Department of Microbiology. Deogiri . College, Aurangabad. B.Sc. T. Y. . Semester VI. Paper No. XIX. Recombinant DNA Technology. Ms. . Priyanka. H. . Giri. DNA manipulating enzymes:.