In what ways did the election of Lincoln lead the Southern states to secede from the Union Essential Question political party political group organized to gain political power by getting its members elected to office ID: 697967
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Lesson 15.4: The Election of 1860" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Lesson 15.4:
The Election of 1860Slide2
In what ways did the election of Lincoln lead the Southern states to secede from the Union?
Essential
QuestionSlide3
political party:
political group organized to gain political power by getting its members elected to office.
candidate:
a person who seeks to be elected to a certain position.
platform
:
the stated ideas and goals of a political party or person running for public office.
Vocabulary
secede:
to withdraw from a group or a political union; leave, quit.Slide4
union:
a group of states or countries united under a single government.
compact:
an agreement or contract between people or groups.
stratified
:
to assign categories or divisions within a society according to social or economic classes.
More Vocabulary
inaugural:
marking or celebrating the beginning of something, such as a term in political office.Slide5
The Republican Party was formed in 1854, and was dedicated to stopping the spread of slavery into the territories.
What We Already Know…Slide6
What We Already Know…
His debates with Stephen Douglas in 1858 made Abraham Lincoln a popular figure in the Republican Party.Slide7
What We Already Know…
In response to John Brown’s attacked a federal arsenal in an attempt to start a slave rebellion, Southerners were outraged when some Northerners seemed to make John Brown out to be a hero.Slide8
The Democratic Party Splinters
At the Democratic party’s convention, Northern and Southern Democrats disagreed over the party’s platform.
The Southerners wanted a defense of slavery, but Northerners supported popular sovereignty.Slide9
When the Northerners won the platform vote, 50 Southern delegates walked out of the convention.
The Democratic Party SplintersSlide10
After the split at the Democratic convention, the Northern Democrats later met in Baltimore, Maryland and nominated Stephen A. Douglas as their presidential candidate. .
The Democratic Party SplintersSlide11
The Democratic Party Splinters
The Southern Democrats reconvened in Richmond, Virginia and nominated Buchanan’s vice-president, John Breckinridge of Kentucky. The platform pledged the protection of slavery in the territories.Slide12
The Constitutional Union Party
The Constitutional Union Party formed made up of former Whigs and Know Nothings. Their platform was “ "to recognize no political principle other than the Constitution.” As their candidate, they nominated John Bell.Slide13
A and B Discuss
What do you think the splintering of the Democratic party meant for the Republicans in the upcoming election of 1860?Slide14
The Republican Convention
A strong Republican leader, William Seward of New York was expected to get the nomination. Seward was very strong on anti-slavery, but the Republicans knew to win the election they had to address the issues of tariffs, railroads and trade as well.Slide15
The Republican Convention
Instead of Seward, the nomination , went to Abraham Lincoln, a lesser-known candidate from Illinois. Slide16
The Republican Convention
Abraham Lincoln was a respected state politician in Illinois. He was a talented speaker, had a moderate position on slavery and was a Westerner who could mount a challenge to Douglas. Slide17
ELECTION SUMMARY
PARTY
CANDIDATE
PLATFORM
REPUBLICAN
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
Not in opposition to slavery, but stop the spread into the territories.
N.DEMOCRATS
STEPHAN A. DOUGLAS
New states decide slavery through popular sovereignty.
S.DEMOCRATS
JOHN
BRECKINRIDGE
Protect slavery in the new territories.
CONSTITUTIONAL
UNION
JOHN
BELL
Preserve the Union and the Constitution.Slide18
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide19
Why did the Democrats have two presidential candidates in 1860?
A .
It was too difficult for one candidate to do all the traveling necessary to win votes.B. Southern Democrats wanted a defense of slavery, but Northern Democrats supported popular sovereignty, so they split into two parties.
C.
They hoped that one of the two candidates would appeal to enough voters to win.
D. The candidate with the most votes would be President and the runner up would be Vice President. The people would decide.Slide20
A. Northern Democrats
B. Southern Democrats
C. Know-Nothing PartyWhat four parties had presidential candidates in the 1860 election?
F. Free Soil Party
D. Republicans
E. Constitutional Union Party
Choose four !Slide21
A. Wanted to preserve the Union, regardless of slavery
B. Opposed slavery’s expansion into the territories
C. Wanted the federal government to protect slavery in every territoryMatch the candidates in the 1860 presidential election with their policies.
D. Wanted to settle the slavery question through popular sovereignty.
1. Lincoln
2. Douglas
3. Breckenridge
4. BellSlide22
Election of 1860
Lincoln defeated three other candidates to become the 16
th president of the United States
.Slide23
Secession
Despite Lincoln’s statements that he would do nothing to abolish slavery in the South, white Southerners did not trust him. Many believed Republicans would ban slavery. As a result, white Southerners saw the Republican victory as a threat to the Southern way of life.Slide24
Last Effort to Compromise
In December of 1860, Kentucky Senator John J. Crittenden introduced legislation aimed at resolving the looming secession crisis in the Deep South. Slide25
Last Effort to Compromise
The “Crittenden Compromise” included several resolutions and amendments including
re-establishing the Missouri Compromise line.
Leaders from North and South worked on the proposals, but the compromise never passed Congress.Slide26
To secede is to withdraw from a group or a political union; leave, quit.
SecessionSlide27
Secession
Not even waiting for Lincoln’s inauguration, South Carolina seceded from the union on December 20, 1860. Within six weeks Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida all followed. Slide28
Secession
Many Southerner’s overestimated their own economic importance believing that the North’s economy could not survive without Southern cotton.Slide29
Secession
Differences in culture.
Differences in economyDifferences in political philosophy
Over-estimation of the South’s importance
There were many factors beyond slavery why the Southern states seceded …
Lincoln’s electionSlide30
Differences in Culture
South: Aristocratic and stratified.
North: Democratic and fluid.Slide31
Differences in economy
South: Agrarian, dependent on slave labor.
North: Industrialized run on free labor.Slide32
Differences in philosophy
North: The union should remain intact.
South: Compact Theory. The states joined freely, they can leave freely. Slide33
Other differences
By differences in population and wealth…
…the South was made to feel less important than it once was.
POPULATION
WEALTHSlide34
The Confederate States of America Formed
The Confederate States of America, simply knows as the Confederacy, was established at the Montgomery Convention in February 1861 (before Lincoln's inauguration in March).Slide35
The Confederate States of America Formed
It was formed by delegations from seven Southern states that had proclaimed their secession from the Union.Slide36
The Confederate States of America Formed
At the convention, Jefferson Davis was elected president of the Confederacy. Davis had graduated West Point. was a Senator and was Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce.Slide37
The Confederate States of America Formed
The Confederate Constitution supported states’ rights and protected slavery in the Confederacy.Slide38
Regional Differences
DIFFERENCE
NORTH
SOUTH
Culture
fluid, dynamic
aristocratic, stratified.
Economy
industrialized
agrarian (farming)
Populationfast growing - immigration
Slow growth
Labor
free labor
slave labor
Wealth
factories
farming
Philosophy
preserve the union
Compact Theory:
free to secede
Presidents
Abraham Lincoln
Jefferson Davis
Named
The Union
The ConfederacySlide39
Lincoln’s Inauguration
At his inaugural address on March 4, 1861, Lincoln assured the South that he had no intention of abolishing slavery, but spoke forcefully against secession.Slide40
“
We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battle-field and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearthstone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.”
Lincoln’s InaugurationSlide41
Lincoln
As President, Lincoln wanted no invasion, but would not abandon government forts in the South. These forts, including Fort Sumter in South Carolina, would soon need to be resupplied.Slide42
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide43
A. with laughter, since they had just seceded.
B. as an example of popular sovereignty.
C. as a crooked election, with thousands of phony votes cast.White Southerners viewed Lincoln's election as president
D. as a threat to slavery and their way of life.Slide44
A. refusing to send their representatives to Congress that year..
B. seceding from the Union..
C. threatening to withhold their tariff duties until he resigned..Southern states reacted to Lincoln's election as president by…
D. beginning impeachment proceedings immediately.Slide45
A. Since the states had voluntarily joined the Union, they also had the right to leave the Union.
B. Lincoln's election had been illegal, so they didn't have to accept the result.
D. Since Lincoln had announced his plans to abolish slavery, they had a the Crittenden Compromise had included a secession clause, which they now were fulfilling.Southern states justified secession by arguing that..
C. With a larger population in the North, they had no chance of gaining seats in the House of Representatives.Slide46
A. Assurances to the South that he would not abolish slavery.
B. Threats to use military force against the South if it seceded.
C. . Strongly worded statement against secession.In his inaugural address, what TWO statements did President Lincoln make?
D. A promise never to keep slavery out of the territories.
E. An argument that the compact theory did not support secessionSlide47
A and B Discuss
Do you think the Southern states had no other choice but to secede?