Todays Essential Question What were the political parties platforms candidates issues and outcome in the election of 1860 Vocabulary political party political group organized to gain political power by getting its members elected to office ID: 708633
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Slide1
Lesson 15.4: The Election of 1860
Today’s Essential Question: What were
the political parties, platforms, candidates, issues, and outcome in the election of
1860?Slide2
Vocabularypolitical party
– political group organized to gain political power by getting its members elected to officeplatform – a political party’s statement of beliefscandidate
– person chosen by a political party as its contestant for a political office
issue
– something people discuss or argue about
outcome
– result; how an event or a contest turns outSlide3
What are the two major political parties today?Slide4
What is a platform?A platform is a political party’s statement of beliefs.Slide5
What is an issue people discuss or argue about today?Slide6
What We Already Learned
The Republican Party was formed in 1854, and was dedicated to stopping the spread of slavery into the territories.Slide7
What We Already Learned
His debates with Stephen Douglas in 1858 made Abraham Lincoln a popular figure in the Republican Party.Slide8
What We Already Learned
After John Brown attacked a federal arsenal to get weapons to start a slave rebellion . . .Slide9
Southerners were horrified when some Northerners seemed to make him out to be a hero.Slide10
The Democratic Party Splinters
At the Democratic party’s convention, Northern and Southern Democrats disagreed over the party’s platform.
The Southerners wanted a defense of slavery, but Northerners supported popular sovereignty.Slide11
The Democratic Party Splinters
When the Northerners won the platform vote, 50 Southern delegates walked out of the convention.Stephen A. Douglas was the leading contender for the party’s nomination as presidential candidate, but the remaining Southerners rejected him because he was so closely associated with popular sovereignty.Slide12
The Republican ConventionNew York’s William Seward was favored to win the nomination.Slide13
The Republican ConventionNew York’s William Seward was favored to win the nomination.
Abraham Lincoln, a lesser-known candidate from Illinois, won a surprise victory.Slide14
Democrats Still Divided
Northern Democrats nominated Douglas.Slide15
Democrats Still Divided
Northern Democrats nominated Douglas.
Southern Democrats chose Buchanan’s vice-president, John Breckinridge of Kentucky.Slide16
Democrats Still Divided
Northern Democrats nominated Douglas.
Southern Democrats chose Buchanan’s vice-president, John Breckinridge of Kentucky.
The Constitutional Union Party nominated John Bell of Tennessee.Slide17
The candidates in the 1860 presidential election differed in
their
policies.
Lincoln opposed slavery’s expansion into the territories.
Breckinridge wanted the federal government to protect slavery in every territory.
Douglas wanted the slavery question settled through popular sovereignty.
Bell simply wanted to preserve the Union.Slide18
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide19
Why did the Democrats have two presidential candidates in 1860?
It was too difficult for one candidate to do all the traveling necessary to win votes.
Southern Democrats wanted a defense of slavery, but Northern Democrats supported popular sovereignty.
They hoped that one of the two candidates would appeal to enough voters to win.
Most Northern Democrats were abolitionists and couldn’t get along with the Southerners.Slide20
Lincoln defeated Douglas in the North; Breckinridge carried most of the South. The North had more electoral votes than the South, so Lincoln won the election.Slide21
A Republican Victory
Lincoln had promised that he would do nothing to abolish slavery in the South.
Southerners were sure that he would ban slavery, and saw the Republican victory as a threat to the Southern way of life.Slide22
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide23
What four parties had presidential candidates in the 1860 election?
Northern Democrats
Southern Democrats
Know-Nothing Party
Republicans
Constitutional Union Party
Free Soil Party
Choose
FOUR parties!Slide24
22. Who were the four presidential candidates in the 1860 election?
Stephen Douglas
John Crittenden
Abraham Lincoln
John Bell
John C. Fremont
John Breckinridge
Choose
FOUR names!Slide25
Match the candidates in the 1860 presidential election with their policies.
Lincoln Breckinridge
Douglas
Bell
Wanted to preserve the Union, regardless of slavery
Opposed slavery’s expansion into the territories
Wanted the federal government to protect slavery in every territory
Wanted to settle the slavery question through popular sovereigntySlide26
Why did the South secede?There were many factors beyond slavery that led to the secession of the South.
Differences in cultureDifferences in EconomyDifferences in Political PhilosophyDiminished Influence
Overestimation of the South’s Importance
Lincoln’s ElectionSlide27
Differences in Culture
Aristocratic
and stratified in the South vs. democratic and fluid in the NorthSlide28
Differences in Economy
Slave labor in the South vs. free labor in the NorthSlide29
Differences in Economy
Agrarian South vs. industrial NorthSlide30
Differences in Political Philosophy
Compact theory vs. permanent unionSlide31
Diminished Political and Economic Influence
The growing population & wealth of the North made the South feel less important than it once had.Slide32
Overestimation of the South's Economic Importance
Belief that the North’s economy could not survive without Southern cotton.Slide33
Lincoln's election
Viewed by Southerners as a threat to slaverySlide34
Southern States Secede
Secessionists argued that since the states had voluntarily joined the Union, they had the right to leave it.
This was the compact theory of government that had been supported by Southerners for generations.Slide35
Southern States Secede
On December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first state to secede.
Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida followed within six weeks.Slide36
The Confederate States of America Formed
February 1861 – Jefferson Davis elected presidentThe Confederate Constitution supported states’ rights and protected slavery in the Confederacy.How would the Union government respond?Slide37
Jefferson Davis Abraham LincolnSlide38
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide39
B ask A: Who was Jefferson Davis?
Jefferson Davis was the first President of the Confederate States of America.Slide40
23. How did white Southerners view Lincoln’s election as president?Slide41
23. How did white Southerners view Lincoln’s election as president?
They viewed it with laughter, since they had just seceded.They saw it as a as a threat to slavery and to their way of life.
To them, it was an example of popular sovereignty.
They saw it as a crooked election, with thousands of phony votes cast.Slide42
24. How did the Southern states react to the election of President Lincoln?Slide43
They beginning impeachment proceedings immediately.
They threatened to withhold their tariff duties until he resigned.They seceded from the Union.
They refused to send their representatives to Congress that year.
24. How did the Southern states react to the election of President Lincoln?Slide44
25. How did Southerners justify secession?Slide45
They had not voted for Lincoln, so they did not recognize him as president.
Since the states had voluntarily joined the Union, they also had the right to leave the Union.Lincoln's election had been illegal, so they didn't have to accept the result.
Lincoln had announced his plans to abolish slavery, so they had a right to secede in defense of their culture.
The Crittenden Compromise had included a secession clause, which they now were fulfilling.
25. How did Southerners justify secession?Slide46
The Union Responds to Secession
Buchanan argued against secession: the federal government was sovereign, secession threatened majority rule. Southerners complained that Northerners were antislavery bullies.Northerners accused Southerners of ignoring the rules of democracy.Slide47
The Crittenden Plan:re-establish Missouri Compromise line
permit slavery in the territories until statehood other protections of slavery and the slave trade
Efforts to Compromise Fail
John J. CrittendenSlide48
Efforts to Compromise Fail
Political leaders in both the North and the South worked on the Crittenden plan in the hope that it would keep the Union together, but it failed to pass in Congress.Slide49
Lincoln’s Inauguration
Lincoln assured the South that he had no intention of abolishing slavery, but spoke forcefully against secession.Slide50
“We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battle-field and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearthstone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.”Slide51
As President, Lincoln wanted no invasion, but would not abandon government forts in the South.Slide52
These forts, including Fort Sumter in South Carolina, would soon need to be resupplied.Slide53
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide54
26. What message did President Lincoln try to give to the Southern states in in his inaugural address?Slide55
26. What message did President Lincoln try to give to the Southern states in in his inaugural address?
Argument that the compact theory did not support secessionAssurances to the South that he would not abolish slavery
Strongly statement against secession
Threats to use military force against the South if it did not return to the Union at once
A promise never to keep slavery out of the territories