Ptl Robb Chernisky Berea Police Department Det Duane Funk Middleburg Hts Police Department Sgt Joe Grecol Berea Police Department Purpose of this training Planning and Preparation are key to Survival ID: 554103
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RESPONSE TO ACTIVE SHOOTER INCIDENT
Ptl. Robb Chernisky
Berea Police Department
Det. Duane Funk
Middleburg Hts. Police Department
Sgt. Joe Grecol
Berea Police DepartmentSlide2
Purpose of this training
Planning and Preparation are key to SurvivalWorkplace Violence is becoming more extreme and widespread… POSTAL?Public Institutions are high-priority terrorist targets
Physical Actions to increase survival are not difficultMental Decision-Making is the difficulty
What do I do??
WARNING! DisclaimerSlide3
“LOCKDOWN!”
Is this a sufficient defense against an Active Shooter?
If it works, YES!
What if there is no place to “lock down”? Slide4
Clip from “zero day” based on columbineSlide5
EVOLUTION OF POLICE RESPONSE:
Aug. 1, 1966 – University of Texas, Charles Whitman. 16 killed 32 wounded in what lasted 56 minutes while police arrived 18 minutes after the start.
Apr. 20, 1999 – Columbine High School, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold. 12 killed 24 wounded, 58 minutes police arrived 14 minutes after start.Slide6
EVOLUTION OF POLICE RESPONSE (CONT)
Apr. 16, 2007 – Virginia Tech., Seung-Hui Cho. 32 killed 17 wounded, 12 minutes and police were on campus.Apr. 30, 2009 – Binghamton, NY, Jiverly Antares Wong. 14 killed 4 wounded, 2-3 minutes, police arrived in 2 minutes but waited 2 hours before making entry.Slide7
Evolution of a strategy
School Shooting Phenomenon of 90’sLed to Research of Civilian Response StrategiesProcedures Ranged from None to Passive
LOCKDOWN/Secure-in-PlaceProtocols were InadequateNot meant to Scare, but PrepareSlide8
Ohio Active Shooting Incidents
November 7, 1994 - Wickliffe Middle SchoolMay 9, 2003 - Case Western Reserve University
August 19, 2003 - Andover Industries, Andover, OhNovember 7, 2003 - Watkins Van Lines, West Chester, Oh
December 8, 2004 - Alrosa Villa Nightclub, Columbus, Oh
January 26, 2005 - Jeep Liberty Plant, Toledo, OhSlide9
Ohio Active Shooting Incidents
October 10, 2007 - Success Tech Academy, Cleveland, OhMarch 9, 2010 - Ohio State University Facilities Maintenance building
August 8, 2011 – Copley, Oh Suburban neighborhood, various locationsFebruary 27, 2012 - Chardon High School, Chardon, Oh
March 14, 2012 - Miami Jacobs College, Columbus, OhApril 12, 2012 - Cracker Barrel, Brooklyn, OhSlide10
Truths about active shooter events
If the bad guy is determined, he WILL get into the building.-Most buildings are not built to keep people out-Most building security measures are easily defeated
Passive and static targets become easy victims!-How much skill is required to pull a trigger at point blank range at a stationary target?Slide11
TRUTHS ABOUT ACTIVE SHOOTER EVENTS
It is not normal for ONE person to kill or injure large numbers of victims.It is not normal for the number of killed to equal or exceed those of the wounded.
Why are these numbers skewed?Is it the skill of the shooter or the passive, easy targets? Slide12
WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED:
Unless a building was designed to keep people out, its security can be only “so” good. If somebody wants in, they will get in.
Once inside and once he initiates his killing, pleading and negotiating will be useless, therefore, Passive and static targets become easy victims, they become sheep.
How much skill is required to pull a trigger at point blank range toward a stationary target?Slide13
WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED (CONT)
Compliance isDANGEROUS!
He does not care about you, your children, your family or what he can gain by being your friend…he just wants to make people remember him!Slide14
TIMELINE
How long must you wait for help?Slide15
timeline
INITIATION: SHOTS FIRED!
911 CALLS MADECALL ROUTED TO DISPATCHDISPATCH NOTIFIES POLICE
POLICE RESPOND TO BUILDINGENTRY AND TIME TO FIND AND CONFRONT SHOOTERSlide16
TIMELINE
You may have to wait 6-8 minutes before the first policeman arrives.What do YOU do during this time?
YOU are actually the first responder!Slide17
TIMELINE
RESCUE WILL NOT OCCUR UNTIL:
Police arrive
Police protocol is met
Time to locate threat
Time to control threatTime to get EMS to victimsSlide18
This creates an increased time in lockdown or an increased time exposed to the BAD GUY!
Students take cover in French Class in Holden Hall, Virginia Tech; photo by Chase DamianoSlide19
What are the benefits of lockdown?
For Police and School-Command: One word initiates procedure-Control: Know where everyone is located
-Convenience: Easily administered and followed
For the Shooter-Command: Action initiates procedure
-Control: Procedure requires everyone to remain
-Convenience: Minimal action causes response
Is this the best policy we can produce?Slide20
Why do shooters pick schools, malls, churches, etc?
*High profile, good publicity for cause
*Potential for mass casualties*Traditionally, low resistance by school occupants
EQUALS = HIGH CHANCE OF PLAN SUCCESS!Slide21
HOW DOES “LOCKDOWN” AFFECT THE SHOOTER’S PLAN?
*High profile, good publicity for cause
Does not diminish chance of notoriety*Potential for mass casualtiesTargets are told to be “Static” = Easy
*Traditionally, low resistance by school occupantsEasy targets increase shooter’s opportunity
*Low chance of plan failureLockdown does little to affect his access to targets except…a locked door!Slide22
Lockdown shortcomings
1. People are in the crisis zone too long2. Priority is law enforcement locating bad guy, not escape
3. Medical attention will be withheld until all clear4. Psychological impact of guilt due to inactionSlide23
Fear: use it to your advantage!
Fear of the unknown is the natural response - “shock effect”-
The “Oh Crap!” (The OS! Factor):
Factor-Fight, Flight, or Freeze?
Fear is Conquered by Preparation
Physically, you already have the necessary skills, but do you have the Mental skills?Slide24
WHY WE NEED A PLAN…
Because Experience is something you get…Right after you NEED it!
AnonymousSlide25
Can lockdown be improved?
A.L.
.C.E. Advantages:Integrates technology with common sense human ACTION.
Provides a plan of action to increase chances of survival, increase confidence, and reduce fear.
Vastly Diminishes odds of bad guy’s success due to increased skill level required.Slide26
alert
Put out all known information to as many as possible via as many means as possibleNo reason to hold anythingDo not use codes
Be repetitiveSlide27
CHANGE THIS
TO THIS
(c) Response Options, 2010. All rights reserved.Slide28
lockdown
If evacuation does not appear safe, secure-in-placeDoes not mean just lock a doorLearn barricading techniquesLearn area denial techniquesSlide29
iNFORM
Continuation of the ALERTProvide Real-Time Information – HOW?
Allows for Good Decision-MakingConfuse and Frustrate Attacker – HOW?Talk to/at THEM
Redirect focus and anger … at what??Take advantage of the attacker’s fragile psychological state.
They are suicidal, perhaps we can make it happen! What historically has been the trigger?Slide30
Allowing decisions creates options!Slide31
counter
Teach skills that interrupt the physical and mental act of shooting accurately.Different and much more difficult than just shooting!
OODA Loop InterruptionOSF
– our version of OODA LoopRecognize, Assess, RespondTeach skills that will allow the targets to benefit from
unknown tactical advantages!DistanceTime
MovementNumbersFox and FriendsSlide32
evacuate
Provide occupants with the ability and authority to evacuateRemoves as many potential targets as possibleRemoves need for many of those concerned to come to scene
Follows natural responseSlide33
Evacuate, continued
Whether planned or not, a mass evacuation will occur during the Active Shooter event.Where will they go?
NO VEHICLESPlanning required by NIMSLittle resources required, only information required.Slide34
THE Lesson from VT:
28
vs. 2 (Fatalities)
Passive vs. Proactive
Room 210
No Class
Offices
Room 206 - 14 Present
Killed – 10
Wounded -2
Room 204 – 19 Present
Killed – 2
Wounded - 3
Room 200
No Class
Room 211 – 19 Present
Killed – 12
Wounded - 6
Room 207 – 13 Present
Killed – 5
Wounded - 6
Room 205 –
12 Present
Killed – 0
Wounded – 0
Hallway –
Killed 1
Data from Chapter 8, Virginia Governor’s Report on Virginia Tech.
JUMPED
BARRICADED
AFTER 1
ST
TIME
BARRICADED
SAT PASSIVELY
SAT PASSIVELYSlide35
Anywhere, anytime, any reason!
Prepare like it will happen When/ThenMental ConditioningOODA Loop
ObserveOrientDecide
ACT!Slide36
The process
When a threat is RECOGNIZED, rapidly
ASSESS the threat level and immediately
initiate a RESPONSE.
PERCEPTION IS REALITY. Your assessment is your reality, so no second-guessing.
Response can be anything
, ABNSlide37
Abn!
In any moment of decision, the best thing you can do is the right thing, the next best thing is the wrong thing, and the worst thing you can do is nothing.
Theodore RooseveltSlide38
Action beats reaction
Be aggressive! Bad guys aren't that skilled!
Interfere with their ability! ACTION vs. REACTION, which is always second?
DISTANCE is a tactical advantage, GET IT however you can!!Can’t escape? Create MASS CHAOS, create sounds, sights, and touches that will increase the skill level required to harm. Throw things at the face to distract.
CONTROL THE ATTACKER. SWARM the attacker and control his limbs.
SECURE THE WEAPON Slide39
When escape is not an option
Escape or Evading should always be an option!
Anything Beats Nothing…Plan ahead!
Interrupt Decision Cycle of the ShooterReverse the “Oh Crap!” Syndrome. BE FIRST
Turn Chaos and Mayhem into an advantageCause Sensory Overload, Distraction
Utilize Numbers and Training to Gain ControlK.I.S.S Principle“Comply and Die”
Madmen and Terrorists don’t make dealsTrauma First Aid: prolong life of injuredEMS will not be allowed in until the threat is secured….
Create
Second Chances
, not easy targets!Slide40
Suggested items in a “go bucket”
Small first aid kit (bandages, tampons, gauze pads, iodine solution, sterile latex gloves, antiseptic cream, aspirin, Imodium™
, Benadryl®, eye pads, burn dressings, antiseptic lotion)Red-colored “biological waste” bag
Hand-cleaning gel or wipesSmall bottles of bleach and disinfectantA hat, vest, armband or other unique identifier for the teacher (and aide if applicable)
A whistleStudent & staff accounting paperwork - class list, contact information, key medical info
Tarpaulins or ground covers/plastic sheeting (opaque rather than clear if possible)Age-appropriate “time-passers”Latex-free rubber kitchen glovesSunscreenFlashlight - Hand-generated or with 2 sets of spare batteries and/or glow sticks
Paper pad/notebook and pensBottles of drinking water + flavored electrolyte crystals
Survival blanket
Orange plastic disposable ponchos
Plastic garbage and trash compactor bags with strong wire ties
Rolls of duct tape, rubber bands, Super-Glue
™
, light rope or parachute cord
Indelible markers
EMT shears or strong scissors
Toilet paper
Hard candy
Some items may have limited shelf life. Also, keep medicines and sharp objects secure in the container for safety
Identify all the children who have allergies or medical issues; keep a note in a sealed, marked envelope taped inside the lid of the
Go-Bucket
Opaque sheeting can be used to provide shade from the sun and elements, provide privacy, as well as concealment.Slide41
You are the first responder! So prepare to do what?
Limit the OS!! Factor
Too long of an OODA LoopEscape
Counter direct aggression
Give people the knowledge to create second chances…They will make you PROUD!Slide42
not just some nutty idea anymore…
How to Respond to an Active Shooter – DHSHow to Respond to an Active Shooter - DOJ & IACP
Houston, TX Police Dept. video on Youtube: Run.Hide.FightSlide43
Remember that the best laid plans of mice and men may fail
BUT they are a good start!
The best laid schemes o' Mice an' Men, Gang aft agley, An' lea'e us nought but grief an' pain,
For promis'd joy!Robert Burns
“The only thing necessary for evil to flourish, is for good men to do nothing. “Edmund Burke Slide44Slide45
Run.hide.fightSlide46
Thank you for listening
???ANY QUESTIONS?
???