SC.912.N.1.1 Scientific Method In the experiment above identify the: - PowerPoint Presentation

SC.912.N.1.1 Scientific Method In the experiment above identify the:1. Independent variable – a) opening or covering b) meat c) jar d) flies *(manipulated) * Can only have one…..2. Dependent variable- a) opening or covering b) meat c) jar d) flies *(responding) what is measured.3. Control group- Jar- A, B, or C * (used as a comparison)4. What are two constants shown? ____________& _____________5. Each discovery must be submitted to and pass a _________ review. 1 * T or F Redi’s experiment disproved spontaneous generation. Meat Jar Peer

SC.912.L.14.1 Cell Theory The components of the cell theory are:A. All living things are composed of c_______.B. Cells are the s_______________ unit of life.C. All cells come from pre-_____________ cells.Match the above components of the cell theory with the with the following statements.___ Spontaneous generation (abiogenesis) was disproved.___ Invention of the microscope aided in the cell theory___ Plants and animals are made of cells . T or F The scanning electron microscope can take 3-D images.T or F A theory can be observed a law cannot.T or F A theory and law are interchangeable.T or F The “Cell Theory” was only accepted after many years of collective research by scientist such as Hooke, Schwann and Schleiden.2 ells mallest structural existingCBA

SC.912.L.14.3 Cell Structure T or F Bacteria contain DNA but lack a nuclear membrane.T or F Prokaryotes include bacteria (archaebacteria and eubacteria)T or F Eukaryotic cells are found in Plants, Animals , Fungi and Protist.Category of cells with out a nucleus . ______________Category of cells with a nucleus. ______________Both contain _____________ used in protein synthesis. Both Cells contain a plasma or cell membrane3ProkaryotesEukaryotesRibosomes

SC.912.L.14.3 Cell Structure * T or F Plants cells are heterotrophic and animal cells autotrophic. The three main differences between plant and animal cells are - _____________, ___________ & large _________________. The “Power House” which produces ATP is the __________________.Small structures responsible for “protein synthesis” located on the ER are the _______________. The organelle responsible for transport is the ____________________ and storage is the ___________ Body. * T or F Photosynthesis occurs in a plant cells chloroplast. 4 Chloroplasts Cell Wall Vacuole MitochondriaribosomesEndoplasmic reticulumGolgi

The cell membrane is composed of a bilayer of L ________ & P __________. If a large molecule is transported across the membrane in which energy is required it is known as A______________ transport. P____________ transport such as osmosis requires no energy. 5 T or F The cell membrane is semi or selectively permeable. T or F Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP. ipids roteinsctiveassive

Diffusion & Osmosis 1. Diffusion is the movement from a h ____________ to a l________ concentration.2. Label the following solutions . 1. H_________ 2. I_________ 3. H_________3. What keeps the plant cell from bursting in the Hypotonic solution?C______ W______.4. Diffusion of water is known as: O_________5. What would happen to a fresh water plant if it was placed in salt water. ___________6T or F Salt sucks the moisture out of a cells, dehydrating them. igh ow ypertonicsotonic ypotonicellallsmosisShrivels (Shrinks)

SC.912.L.18.1 Macromolecules__Carbohydrate _____Lipid_________ ____________________Nucleic acid____ ____protein___________

Which macromolecule has each of the following elements? Carbon(C), Hydrogen(H) and Oxygen(O)? LipidCarbon (C), Hydrogen(H) and Oxygen(O)? CarbohydrateCarbon(C), Hydrogen(H), Oxygen (O) and Nitrogen(N)? ProteinCarbon(C), Hydrogen(H), Oxygen(O), Nitrogen(N) and Phosphorus(P)? Nucleic acidSC.912.L.18.1 Macromolecules

SC.912.L.18.9 Photosynthesis and Cellular RespirationT or F Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration are the opposites (interrelated) of each other.Photosynthesis – Sun + _______ _______ (C02) and ___________ (H2O). produces - _____________ (C6H1206) and _______________ (O2). 2. Cellular Respiration- ____________ (C6H1206) and _____________ (O2) produces _______ ________ (C02) and _____________ (H2O). * ___ ___ __ENERGYENERGY3. Photosynthesis occurs in the c______________ and cellular respiration in the m___________________. T or F Plants carry on both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.T or F Anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic respiration and produces alcohol and lactic acid as by products. *Aerobic 36 ATP & Anaerobic 2 ATP. INOUT10 Carbon dioxide water glucoseoxygenglucoseoxygenCarbon dioxidewaterhloroplastsitochondria A T P

T or F Non - polar substances such as oils will dissolve in water. T or F During a frost or freeze oranges (fruits) and vegetables such as tomatoes are often damaged when the water is the cells expand. SC.912.L.18.12 Properties of Water #PropertyImportance1.Polarity A -Sticks to itself.2.AdhesionB- Regulates temperature.3.CohesionC- Bugs can walk on water.4.Capillary ActionD- Keeps lakes from freezing solid.5.Surface TensionE- Moment through plants.6. Water expands, forms ice.F- Water moves upwards because of cohesion.7.High Heat CapacityG- Sticks to something else.8.TranspirationH- Dissolves substance (+ and -).11 H G A F C D B E Cross out 9

SC.912.L.14.7 Plant Structure G__________ Cells S_________ (opening) STAMEN The female parts (P____________) include the stigma , style and o_______. The anther produces the male gamete – p__________. The _____________________ carries water and minerals up the plant. The _____________________ carries nutrients down from the leaves. Mosses , algae and lichens are short because they lack a v__________________ system. *( are non-vascular) Gymnosperms include the conifers that produce p ______________ cones. Angiosperms produce f_____________ and seeds with in fruits. T or F Ferns reproduce with spores . T or F Cactus have modified leaves(spines) to prevent from drying out in the desert. T or F Plant growth occurs from the meristem through mitosis. Chloroplast 12 Pistil istil vary ollen xylem phloem ascular ine lowers toma uard

SC.912.L.14.26 The Brain F______________P______________T____________O____________C______________C________________P_______M________Oblongata LOBES T or F The temporal lobe is visible from a view from the top. Frontal ParietalOccipitalBRAIN STEM13 erebrumonsrontalarietalccipitalemporalerebellumedulla

SC.912.L.14.36 Cardiovascular System T or F A high viscosity (thickness) of blood causes an increased resistance in the blood vessels and leads to slow blood flow. T or F Blood pressure is caused by the contraction of the ventricles in the heart.T or F Exercise increases blood flow.T or F Blood pressure can directly affect blood flow through the circulatory system.T or F As people age, plaque builds up in the arteries increasing vessel resistance, which leads to diseaseSTROKET or F A stroke is caused by blockage of blood flow to the heart. T or F Plaque build up in the arteries is known as atherosclerosis.T or F Arteries carry oxygenated blood towards the heart and veins carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart.T or F As you exercise CO2 levels will increase and O2 levels decrease.Atherosclerosis 14 ------- brain

SC.912.L.14.52 Immune System 15 The s_________is the body's first line of defense against infection and is a n_________________ defense against foreign organisms. T or F The body produces antibodies to combat germs or antigens. T or F White blood cells (leukocytes) engulf and destroy pathogens. T or F When a person is vaccinated, they are injected with weakened or antigens of a virus. T or F Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral diseases do not.Any thing that triggers a immune response is known as a p________________.Over use of antibiotics can lead to resistance and the creation of “S___________ Bugs” Immune ResponseNon-SpecificSpecific SkinMucous MembranesAntibodiesInflammationT- Cells , B-CellsMemory CellsT-Cells Antibodies athogen uper kin atural (nonspecific)

SC.912.L.16.13 Reproductive System 16 Identify the above structures: F____________________Tube, U___________________, C_____________ O______________ & V______________OFCLetterStructureLetterFunctionScrotum Produce sperm located in the scrotum Vas Deferens G Produces sugary fluid for energy for the spermSeminal VesicleStores maturing spermEpididymis2 Tubes that carry spermProstateContain testes , can alter shape.Testes A Carries urine and sperms out of the body.AUrethra Produces a lubrications fluid.T or F Fertilization occurs in the uterus.T or F The blastocyst implants into the uterus during normal human. T or F The development of a blastocyst follows the formation of a zygote.Tor F The CERVIX (neck) contains a mucous membrane and traps germs and sperm from entering fallopian tubes.UV T or F The scrotum can change shape in response to temperature for optimal sperm production.T or F Sperm is formed in the testes , stored and matures in the epididymis and then travels out through the vas deferens.Z______ - Blastocystygoteallopianteruservix vary agina C B E G D D E F C B G,F

1 st Trimester 2 nd Trimester 3rd TrimesterT or F The human embryo is called a fetus after the eighth week of development?T or F Nourishment is provided to the fetus by the amniotic sac. Major organs form (heart & brain) / Can determine the sex of the baby, fingernails form/ Baby puts on weight , lungs form.. Fetus after 8wks T or F Alcohol is most damaging early in a pregnancy because during this time many of the essential organs of the fetus are forming. T or F The fingernails start growing and the sex of the baby can be determined in the 1st trimester. T or F It is in the 3 rd semester that the baby puts on most of its (mass) body weight. T or F The lungs fully develop in the third semester in preparation for the baby’s first breath. 17

SC.912.L.17.5 Population Size 18What is represented by K on the graph to the left?C________________ C_______________Exponential Growth is represented by an _____ curve and Logistic an ______ curve.What is the carrying capacity for the population in the graph to the left? __________ thousand. Limiting Factors that regulate population growth can be non-living- ( A_____________) or living (B__________)KThousandsT or F A population moving into an area is immigration and out of an area emigration. T or F Bacteria that cause a disease would be considered an abiotic living factor.T or F Light is an abiotic limiting factor for organisms living in the aphotic zone.T or F The predator prey relationship controls the population size of both species. What would happen if the artic hare population declines do to a lack of food?________________________________________________________________________ Photic zone Aphotic zonearryingapacitySJtwobioticiotic The Canadian Lynxx population will also decline, allowing more hares to survive and the cycle will repeat.

Pioneer ClimaxWeeds and GrassesLichens & MossROCKSOILT or F Primary succession start with bare rock and its pioneer species are lichen and mosses.T or F Secondary succession start with soil and follows a disturbance such as a fire or plowingCharacteristicPrimary Secondary Bare Rock Volcanoes, Pavement, Glacier retreatRegrowth after a Fire or a disturbance such as plowing a field Starts with SoilLichens & Moss Weed & Grasses Succession 19 Primary Secondary

Which of the following explains why cells that contained mitochondria-like organelles had an evolutionary advantage? A. They had more DNAB. They were able to make more use of available energySC.912.L.15.8 Origin of Life20MitochondriaMiller & Urey’s Experiment T or F The 1st organisms to developed on Earth due to the early environmental conditions on were prokaryotic and anaerobic bacteria.T or F In order for life to develop on earth synthesis of organic molecules would have to of formed.T or F Miller and Urey were able to “create” life.T or F In Miller and Urey’s experiment they found it possible to create simple organic molecules (amino acids) found on primitive earth.T or F Miller’s & Urey’s experiments were able to “model” primitive earth.Place in order the hypothesized order of origin of the following. Just Place the letter - (A), (B), (C), or (D)(A) eukaryotic heterotrophs (B) prokaryotic anaerobes (C) eukaryotic autotrophs (D) prokaryote aerobes __________________ __________________ ________________ ________________ no oxygen or nucleus use oxygen and no nucleus nucleated plants nucleated consumers (nclude cyanobacteria)The diagram below shows a proposed theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, called endosymbiosis. ABDC

T or F A small portion of the population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased biodiversity..SC.912.L.15.13 Natural Selection21Match the idea (theory) with the person belief.D___________would state that Giraffe (letter) ____ would survive because it is the fittest.L_________________ would argue that either Giraffe A or B could s___________ their necks and pass on the trait on to their offspring. *They were known as A______________ traitsCB AT or F Mutations within a DNA sequence are natural processes that produce genetic diversity. T or F An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully T or F Genetic drift refers to the change in a type of genes in a population due to a random occurrence and can lead to a change in biodiversity. A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic drift probably affect this population? A. It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits. B. It will reduce genetic diversityIs this genetic drift?Yes or NoarwinCamarcktretchcquired

21 An example of genetic drift, in which the surviving individuals have different allele frequencies from the original populationis called: Bottleneck effect____________________________ (due to natural disaster)An example of genetic drift, in which a portion of the original population breaks off resulting in different allele frequencies is called: Founder effect_____________________________

Geographic Isolation A population divided into or more populations is Geographic________ Isolation___, which is due to Continental_____________ drift________.

1. Which species is most closely related to species K?A. species E B. species FC. species GD. species ISC.912.L.15.6 Classification22T or F The cladogram shows common ancestry.T or F DNA, Molecular, and chemical evidence have shed new light on the classification of organisms. DNA = Best Answer!T or F Both Plants and some Bacteria & Protists are autotrophic and able to photosynthesize.ArchaeBacteria ProtistaFungiPlantaeAnimaliaProkaryotic Eukaryotic Autotrophic HeterotrophicAutotrophicHeterotroph Cladogram UnicellularMulticellular

SC.912.L.15.1 Evolution 23Common AncestorIdentify the following form of evidence that support common ancestry.H_______________ Structures(Same , Structure , Different Function)E___________________ F_______________“oldest evidence”T or F The newest and most concise evidence supporting common ancestry is molecular or DNA evidence. V ___________________“Non-use”Molecular (DNA)omologousmbryological Evidenceossil Evidenceestigial organs

Analogous______________ Structures (Different Structure , Same Function)Vestigial__________________ “Non-use”25

Human Evolution * You may have to put skulls in order of evolution.Hominoid evolution changes in the skull include:Larger cranium for a larger b_________.Shorter jaw, less space for w______ teeth.Face is flatter less pronation of the jaw . Face is ____ degrees.A decrease in the b_______ ridge above the eyes.Human learned to walk up right b________________6. Modern mans scientific name is H______ s________(Brow Ridge)24 Huh! rain 1 234isdom90rowipedalomo apiens

SC.912.L.17.20 Human Impact 30T or F Invasive species such as the Burmese python can compete with native species reduce the biodiversity in an ecosystem.T or F Inbreeding can increase the passing on of harmful traits.T or F The burning of the fossil fuel coal released both CO2 and SO2 which can lead to Global Warming and Acid Rain.T or F One of the negative affects of wind power is its possibility to harm birds.T or F Nuclear Energy is clean energy but can lead to a disaster if a meltdown occurs.T or F Natural Gas is “cleaner” than burning coal.T or F All energy comes from the Sun, even hydropower. SUSTAINABILITY Not Geothermal

Human activities ALTER the Enviornment_________.Acid_____ ___rain____: damages water systems (Lakes____), destroys aquatic life due to burning of fossil_____ fuels______Deforestation____: Clearing of the land causes Habitat_____ destructionInvasive_____ Species____: Introducing non-native species to a new area.Ozone_________ depletion_________ from the release of CFCsFossil FuelsAdd __carbon dioxide________ to atmosphere leads to global climate change (Global______ Warming__________)Habitat Loss=Loss of Biodiversity________Population IncreaseIncrease consumption & destructionLoss of habitat_________ Loss of biodiversity___________

SC.912.L.17.9 Food Webs and Energy T or F Almost 50 % of energy is passed on from one trophic level to the next.T or F The Hawk receives the least amount of energy from the producer.T or F The removal of the producer would effects all other organisms.T or F The snake and lizard are secondary consumers.T or F Burning of plant material returns carbon primarily to the atmosphere. BIOMAGNIFICATION T or F Pesticides such as DDT can magnify there way up the food chain effecting the top predators the greatest. 31Human Genome Project10%

Lakes Explain the general distribution of life in aquatic systems as a function of chemistry, geography, light depth, salinity, pressure and temperature.P________ZoneA_______ZoneB______ZoneAbyss True or False1. As you go deeper the pressure increases. T or F2. There are a greater number of organisms in the photic zone than the aphotic zone. T or F 3. You would find phytoplankton living in the aphotic zone. T or F4. The deep bottom of the ocean is called the abyss. T or F5. As you dive deeper the water temperature decreases (gets colder). T or F 6. The oceans water have a greater salinity than a lake. T or F Temperature-Pressure- # of OrganismsDEPTHC hoticenthicphotic decreasesincreases decreases

Extra Slide # 2 – Properties of Water