Seven Years’ War or French & Indian War PowerPoint Presentation

Seven Years’ Waror French & Indian War1754-1763

Crash Course #5 The Seven Years War & Great Awakening

Key Concept 3.1: British attempts to assert tighter control over its North American colonies and the colonial resolve to pursue self-government led to a colonial independence movement and the Revolutionary War.

Key Concept 3.1.I: The competition among the British, French and American Indians for economic and political advantage in North America culminated in the Seven Years’ War, in which Britain defeated France and allied American Indians.

Key Concept 3.1.I.A: Colonial rivalry intensified between Britain and French in the mide-18th century, as the growing population of the British colonies expanded into the interior of North America, threatening French-Indian trade networks and American Indian autonomy.

French-Huron AllianceEst. 1608Samuel de Champlain Lasting trade partnership

Helped strengthen both groups against the Iroquois.

British-Iroquois Confederacy AllianceOffered political and strategic advantages to the coloniesIroquois preserved considerable independence

King Philip’s WarLast large-scale Native American (Wampanoag) resistanceIndians’ resentment of the English building since the

1660sincreasingly dependent on English goods, food, and weapons

tribal

lands were

sold

Metacom

(King Philip) and

other leaders were forced by the colonists to recognize English

sovereignty

Ended 1676 after

Metacom

was captured and beheaded.

Early Wars

for Empire

Sparked by competition for trade & territory in America between Britain, France, & Spain

King

William’s War (1689-1697

)

Queen

Anne’s War

(“War of Spanish Succession” 1702

-1713)

failed

attempts to

take

Quebec

Indians

side w/ French, British gain Nova Scotia & trade in Spanish

America

King

George’s War (1744-1748) British vs. France & Spain – limited territorial changes in AmericasNew Englanders upset about return of territory to French

King George II

1727-1760

Queen Anne

1702-1707

North America in 1750

Seven Years’ WarCauses:

- Britain & France compete for empires

- French

& English fur traders & English land

speculators

compete for

Ohio

Valley

- French fortify

central

frontier

- French

and British sought alliances w/

Indians (French more successful)Early Defeats (1754-1756):British failed attempt to capture Ft. Duquesne George Washington militia surrender 17541755 General Braddock killed & British & colonial militia routed by French & Algonquin allies1756 failed attack on QuebecAlbany Plan of Union (1754) Ben Franklin attempted to create limited inter-colonial government to recruit troops & collect taxes for common defense – rejectedWhy significant?

British Victory & EffectsPrime Minister William Pitt focus on conquering Canada – Quebec 1759 & Montreal 1760

Treaty of Paris 1763: Britain gains French Canada & Spanish Florida. France gives land west of Mississippi to Spain.

Immediate Effects

:

British gained supremacy over North America & dominate naval power

France, Spain & American Indian allies no longer a threat to North American empire

Transform relationship between Britain & its colonies

British War Debt – reorganization of empire needed

British View

: Colonists weak, poorly trained, undisciplined, some refused to contribute troops or money to war & unwilling & unable to defend frontier

Colonial View

: proud of their military, not impressed by British troops & leadership & snobbishness. Gained valuable experience & connection.

Key Concept 3.1.I.B: Britain achieved a major expansion of its territorial holdings by defeating the French, but at tremendous expense, settting the stage for imperial efforts to raise revenue and consolidate control over the colonies.

Reorganization of EmpireEnd of “salutary neglect” Britain take more direct & forceful control over coloniesIncreased War Debt: British maintain a large force on frontier

King George III & Whigs in Parliament increased taxes on colonies

King George III

–

1760-1820

In 1760, governor Bernard of Massachusetts authorized the use by revenue officers of writs of assistance. Writs of assistancewere documents which served as a general search warrant, allowing customs officials to enter any ship or building that they suspected for any reason might hold smuggled goods

.In the late colonial period, the Stamp Act (1765) mandated the use of vice-admiralty courts to try violators of the law. Angry Americans were outraged because matters before those courts were heard by royally appointed judges, not by local juries.

Key Concepts 3.1.I.C: After the British victory, imperial officials’ attempts to prevent colonists from moving westward generated colonial oppression, while native groups sought to both continue trading with Europeans and resist the encroachments of colonists on tribal lands.

Pontiac’s Rebellion & Proclamation of 1763

Pontiac’s Rebellion: 1763 Chief Pontiac forms alliance of Western tribes to resist western expansion – attack settlements in Ohio Valley & Great Lakes. British use regular troops to crush rebellion.

Proclamation of 1763

: to stabilize western frontier banned colonial settlement west of Appalachians

Colonists respond with anger & defiance – thousands migrated west anyway

Paxton Boys

- 1763 Scots-Irish vigilantes in W. PA attacked Indians – “Conestoga Massacre” slaughtered 20

Susquehannock

peaceful tribe for “revenge” & marched on Philadelphia

Fort Detroit – Gifts from the British?

Pontiac

North America in 1763