3 rd Year History Causes of the Cold War Political differences Disagreements during WW2 The US slow to open second front 27 m Russians died Atomic bomb not shared with USSR The Iron Curtain Buffer zone of satellite states Tension ID: 390132
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Slide1
The Cold War
3
rd
Year HistorySlide2
Causes of the Cold War
Political
differences
Disagreements during WW2 . The US slow to open ‘second front’. 27 m Russians died.
Atomic bomb not shared with USSR.
The Iron Curtain. Buffer zone of ‘satellite states’. Tension.
The Truman doctrine. Originally to help Greece and Turkey (Communist pressure) led to the ‘Marshall plan’. The Russians competed with ‘
Comecon
’Slide3
The Berlin Blockade 1948.
Case Study 1. Slide4
Causes.
At
Yalta and Potsdam Germany divided into zones.
So
was Berlin. These were supposed to be temporary.
USSR wanted revenged and stripped its zone.
The Allies did not want another Versailles and wanted a strong allySlide5
Course.
When
the Allies introduced the Deutschmark the Russians cut off routes to Berlin.
Russians hoping Allies would leave Berlin
The Berlin Airlift.
3
air corridors.
Plane
landing every 90 seconds.
People
suffered.After 11 months May 1949 blockade liftedSlide6
Results
War
did not happen
East and West Germany to stay
NATO and Warsaw Pact
Tension
1961 The Berlin Wall.Slide7
The Korean War.
Case Study
2
:Slide8
Causes
After
WW2 38
th
Parallel
1948 US backed Republic of Korea elected in the south (Seoul)
USSR Democratic Republic of Korea in the north (Pyongyang)
1950 border incidents led to North invading South.Slide9
Korean War
UN (mainly US) army under MacArthur drove them back and went on to the Chinese border.
Mao
Tse
tung
entered the war and again the South was invaded.
Truman sacked MacArthur.1953 Stalin died (Khrushchev) and Eisenhower became President. War ended.
38
th
Parallel resumed.Slide10Slide11
Results:
Over
1million dead. Country in ruins
Increased tension
New ally for US
UN authority establishedSlide12
The Cold War Spreads
The
Arms Race began in earnest (H-bombs, ICBMs)
Space Race (1957 Sputnik 1 first satellite, 1961 Gagarin in space, 1969 man on the
moon)
Propaganda
SportsSlide13
The Cuban Missile Crisis
Case Study
3
:Slide14
Causes
US backed Batista dictatorship. US industry and sugar plantations.
1959 Castro’s communist revolution nationalised the above.
US sanctions = Khrushchev + USSR bought Cuban sugar and sold weapons.
Kennedy and CIA = Bay of Pigs failure
.Slide15
The Crisis
1962 U2 photographed Soviet missile bases under construction in
Cuba
Kennedy’s blockade. Very close to war
.
Army and Airforce urge Kennedy to destroy Cuba.
Communications with Kruschev confused.
Closest world has come to Nuclear war. USSR
agreed to dismantle basesSlide16
Results:
Both
sides took measures to prevent nuclear war
1963 US missile bases in Turkey dismantled
‘hotline’ set up
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (above ground)Slide17
The Cold War Comes to an End
1985
Gorbachev comes to power. Wanted to reform communism so the people would be better off.
‘Perestroika’ (reconstruction) and
Glastnost
(openness)
He wanted to cut military spending and made agreements with Reagan and Bush (snr) to scrap thousands of nuclear missiles.
Gorbachev’s promise not to use force to prevent democracy in eastern Europe led to the collapse of communism in East Germany and other countries
1989 Berlin Wall came down
1990 Germany reunited
The USSR began to break up