Cells, Cells, Cells Learning - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Cells, Cells, Cells

Learning by taggingSlide2

Lesson Title, Essential Question, Objectives

Lesson Title-Cell Structure and FunctionE.Q.: Why is cellular transport important to the function of cell organelles?

Obj.: Describe the relationship between the structure and function of the cell membrane; Differentiate between the processes of osmosis, diffusion, passive, and active transport; Review for test Slide3

The Discovery of the Cell

In 1665 Robert Hooke used an early

compound microscope to look at a thin layer of cork which he called cells

.Slide4

The Discovery of Cells

In 1674 Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

used a single-lens microscope to observe pond water. He saw tiny living organisms

that seemed to be everywhere, even in the very water he and his neighbors drank.Slide5

The Cell Theory

In 1838 Matthias Schleiden

concluded that all plants were made of cells.

In 1839 Theodor Schwann concluded that all

animals were made of cells.In1855 Rudolf Virchow

concluded that new cells only come from

pre-existing cells

.Slide6

The Cell Theory

All living things are composed of cells.Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.New cells are produced from existing cells.Slide7

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei. Their genetic material is not contained in a nucleus.

Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus in which their genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell. Slide8

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Slide9

Cell Structure and FunctionSlide10

Cell Wall

The outermost layer of plants

, algae, fungi, and many

prokaryotes. It provides support and protection for the cell.Slide11

Cell/Plasma Membrane

The security

system of

the cell. The cell membrane surrounds the cell. It

protects and supports the cell. It is very selective about what enters and leaves the cell so we call it

selectively permeable

.Slide12

Cell Membrane

It is composed of a

double-layer with protein channels called a lipid

bilayer. (ice-cream sandwich with nuts) The protein channels squeeze large substances into and out of the cell. The cell membrane is both hydrophobic

and hydrophilic because the tails are afraid of water

while the heads

love

the water

! Slide13

Cytoplasm

The portion of the eukaryotic cell outside the nucleus. It is the

watery jell-o like substance that contains many of the materials involved in

cell metabolism and holds the organelles in place.Slide14

NUCLEUS

The control

center or brain of the cell. It tells the cell what to do and stores the genetic information (baby mama drama).Slide15

Nucleolus

The nucleolus is located inside the nucleus. It is responsible for manufacturing

Ribosomes. Slide16

MITOCHONDRIA

The power plant of the cell. It supplies the

energy that your cells need to function. (looks like a peanut)Slide17

Endoplasmic Reticulum

The

transportation system of the cell. Here lipid components of the cell membrane are made along with protein and other materials that are exported from the cell. The ER comes in

both Rough and Smooth forms.

Rough has Ribosomes

so it is a

r

ough

r

ider!Slide18

Ribosomes

Manufacture proteins for the cell. They are found on the which ER?Slide19

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies,

sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell.Slide20

VACUOLES

Saclike structures that suck

up and store water,

salts, proteins, and

carbohydrates. Plants have a

large one

, while

animals

have a couple of

small

ones

.Slide21

Lysosomes

Lysosomes are called suicide sacks. They are produced by the Golgi Body. They consist of a single membrane surrounding powerful

digestive enzymes. Lye

burns. Lysosomes break down

materials which helps with digestion.Slide22

Diffusion

Diffusion - the process by which molecules

spread from areas of high concentration, to areas of low concentration. When the molecules are

even/equal throughout a space - it is called EQUILIBRIUM Slide23

Osmosis

Osmosis

: the

movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentrationSlide24

The Effects of Osmosis on Cells

Hypotonic (Hippopotamus) Taking in fluid, I’m getting big and fat.

Hypertonic (Skinny) I’m so hyper I can’t sit still, I’m losing to much weight. Not enough fluid.Isotonic (I so fine, I look GOOD!) Just the right amount of fluid.Slide25

The Effects of Osmosis on CellsSlide26

Facilitated Diffusion

Large molecules such as glucose need help diffusing through the cell membrane.Slide27

Active Transport

Occurs when something travels across a concentration gradient

. To be active you must use energy. The fish are actually swimming up

stream by consistently jumping!Slide28

Come in Get out

Endocytosis - is a process whereby cells absorb material too large to pass through the plasma membrane (molecules such as proteins) from the outside by engulfing it with their cell membrane.

Exocytosis

– is the process by which a cell directs soluble proteins to be secreted to the extracellular environment, as well as membrane proteins and lipids that are sent to become components of the cell membrane. Slide29

Feed Me Please

Phagocytosis – cell eating. Extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole then engulfs it.

Pinocytosis – cell drinking. Tiny pockets of liquid form along the cell membrane then pinch off to form vacuoles within the cell.Slide30

Tagging

LysosomesMitochondria

CytoplasmCell Membrane

Burns, breaks down, helps with digestionPower house, Dominion Power, ENERGYJell-O like substance that holds everything in place

Club Bouncer is selectiveSlide31

Tagging

NucleusNucleolus

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Rough ER

Smooth ERGolgi ApparatusVacuoles

Control center or Brain

Inside of the nucleus

Ambulance, transportation system

R

ibosomes

No

Ribosomes

Packaging

(gold

gifts)

Vacuum cleaners suck up and stores materialsSlide32

Closure

The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is known as

Exocytosis

EndocytosisPhagocytosisOsmosis

2. Despite differences in size and shape, all cells have cytoplasm and a Cell wall

Cell membrane

Mitochondrion

Nucleus

3. If a cell of an organism contains a nucleus, the organism is a

Plant

Animal

Prokaryote

Eukaryote

4. Distinct threadlike structures containing genetic information are called

Ribosomes

Chromosomes

Nuclei

Mitochondria

5. Cell membranes are constructed mainly of

Lipid bilayers

Protein pumps

Carbohydrate gates

Free-moving proteins