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Lesson 15.2a: The Crisis Deepens Lesson 15.2a: The Crisis Deepens

Lesson 15.2a: The Crisis Deepens - PowerPoint Presentation

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Lesson 15.2a: The Crisis Deepens - PPT Presentation

Todays Essential Question How did the slavery debate lead to acts of violence in the 1850s Vocabulary debate discussion or argument fugitive one who runs away or escapes popular ID: 258259

act slavery fugitive kansas slavery act kansas fugitive sovereignty slave popular compromise cabin slaves nebraska kansas

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Slide1

Lesson 15.2a: The Crisis Deepens

Today’s Essential Question: How did

the slavery

debate lead to acts of violence in the 1850s?Slide2

Vocabulary

debate – discussion or argumentfugitive – one who runs away or

escapes

popular

– of the people

sovereignty

– self-rule

popular sovereignty

– people ruling themselves (the majority make the rules)

repeal

– to revoke or take back a lawSlide3

Check for Understanding

What is today’s Essential Question?What is a fugitive

?

Why do teachers have more sovereignty than students have

?

Do you know of any laws that have been repealed?Slide4

What We Already Know

In the 1840s, thousands of settlers moved onto the plains west of the Mississippi River.Slide5

What We Already Know

California’s request for statehood led to Henry Clay’s Compromise of 1850.Slide6

What We Already Know

The Compromise of 1850 contained a controversial new fugitive slave law.Slide7

The Fugitive Slave Act

No arrest warrant required

No right to jury trial; federal commissioner to rule on each case

Commissioner received $5 for releasing the defendant and $10 for turning him over to a slaveholder

Fines for those help runaway slaves

Required Northerners to help recapture runaway slavesSlide8

The Fugitive Slave Act

Southerners believed slaves were property and should be returned.

Northerners realized that, by supporting the Fugitive Slave Act, they were supporting slavery.

Should they obey the law and support slavery, or should they break the law and oppose slavery?Slide9

Meanwhile, Southern slave catchers

roamed the North, sometimes capturing free African Americans instead of runaway slaves.Slide10

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide11

What was the Fugitive Slave Act?

It allowed fugitive slaves to be arrested without warrants.

Officials were paid $10 for releasing the fugitive, but only $5 if he returned the fugitive to slavery.

Fugitives had no right to a jury trial.

It required that Northerners return runaway slaves to their masters.

It placed fines on people who helped runaway slaves escape.

Choose the one that is NOT true!Slide12

The act had been passed without any input from Northerners.

They didn’t believe black fugitives should have a right to a jury trial.

If they obeyed or enforced the act, they would be supporting slavery.

The act would lead to higher taxes in the North.

10. Why did Northerners resent the Fugitive Slave Act?Slide13

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Harriet Beecher Stowe was from a family that had helped runaway slaves escape.

Her brother was a preacher and a leading abolitionist.

She was outraged by the Fugitive Slave Act.Slide14

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Her 1852 novel,

Uncle Tom’s Cabin,

dramatically portrayed slavery as brutal and immoral. Slide15

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

The novel includes dramatic scenes, such as the dangerous escape of a slave named Eliza and her baby across the Ohio River.

Stowe’s book was wildly popular in the North, but criticized by white Southerners as inaccurate.Slide16

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide17

Margaret Chapman Howe

Harriet Beecher StoweMadeline Douglas RowanHenrietta Beckham Rowe

Who was the author of

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

?Slide18

It increased abolitionist feeling in the North by showing the brutality of slavery.

It led many western states to prohibit free blacks from settling within their borders.

It caused Southerners to become angry over the lies they said it told about slavery.

It led to the creation of the Free Soil Party.

It helped convince Congress to pass the Fugitive Slave Act.

Choose all that are true!

11. How did

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

influence national politics?Slide19

The Kansas–Nebraska Act

In 1854, Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois wanted to see a railroad built to link Chicago with California.To make this easier, Douglas proposed the organization of two new western territories – Nebraska and Kansas.

Senator Stephen Douglas of IllinoisSlide20

Douglas said the question of slavery in these territories was to be settled by popular sovereignty, a very controversial idea.

Douglas’ idea of popular sovereignty was

contro-versial

because it would mean the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, since it would give people living north of 36

º30’ a choice regarding slavery in their territory

.

Southerners supported the bill, but it angered opponents of slavery.Slide21

The Kansas–Nebraska Act

The Kansas-Nebraska Act and popular sovereignty would soon turn Kansas into a battle-ground over slavery.Slide22

The Three CompromisesSlide23

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide24

What was popular sovereignty?

Proposed by Senator Stephen Douglas

Violated the Compromise of 1850

Supported most strongly by Northerners

Would allow the residents of a state to decide the slavery question

Repealed

the Missouri Compromise

line

Choose ALL that are true!Slide25

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Strengthened the Missouri Compromise

Introduced to make it easier to build a railroad to California

Established the territories of Kansas and Nebraska

Required Congress to submit future requests for statehood to the Supreme Court

Gave their residents the right to decide whether to allow slavery

Choose ALL that are true!Slide26

12. How was the issue of slavery to be decided in Nebraska and Kansas?

It would be decided only after their residents had ratified their respective state constitutions.

It would be decided by the Supreme Court.

It would be decided on the basis of popular sovereignty, with each state's residents voting on it.

It would be decided as part of the Compromise of 1863.Slide27

13. Why was the Kansas–Nebraska Act controversial?

It banned slavery in all lands gained from Mexico.

It repealed the Missouri Compromise and replaced it with popular sovereignty.

It established the territories of Kansas and Nebraska , which were not yet American possessions.

It required Congress to submit future requests for statehood to the Supreme Court.Slide28

“Bleeding Kansas”

Proslavery and anti-slavery settlers rushed into the Kansas Territory to elect the territorial legislature, including 5,000 Missourians (

border ruffians

). Slide29

“Bleeding Kansas”

Antislavery settlers boycotted the pro-slavery government and formed a government of their own, as both groups of settlers armed themselves.Slide30

“Bleeding Kansas”

In an attack that came to be known as the Sack of Lawrence, a proslavery mob burned the anti-slavery capital at Lawrence, Kansas.Slide31

John Brown

Seeking revenge for the sack of Lawrence, an extreme abolitionist named John Brown and seven other antislavery men murdered five of their proslavery neighbors as they slept at a cabin near Pottawatomie Creek.Slide32

As news of this attack (known as the Pottawatomie Massacre) spread, civil war broke out in Kansas.Slide33

The violence continued for three years, and the territory came to be called “Bleeding Kansas.”Slide34

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide35

Native Americans and white settlers battled on the wind-swept plains.

Pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces were fighting for political control of the territory.

White settlers and free black settlers competed for possession of the best farmland.

Supporters of the Dred Scott decision clashed with supporters of popular sovereignty.

Why did violence break out in Kansas in 1855?Slide36

15. Why did John Brown murder five proslavery people in Kansas?

He was angry about the Fugitive Slave Act being declared unconstitutional.

Pro-slavery men had led an assault against the federal arsenal at Topeka.

It was revenge for the proslavery attack on Lawrence, Kansas.

He was angry because Congress turned down Kansas' application for statehood.Slide37

Violence in Congress

In late May, 1856, Massa-

chusetts

Senator Charles Sumner gave a rousing speech before the Senate.

In very insulting terms, he attacked the pro-slavery forces in Kansas, the institution of slavery in general, and pro-slavery Senators such as Andrew Butler of South Carolina

in particular.Slide38

Violence in Congress

Nearby, in the House of Representatives, South Carolina Congressman Preston Brooks got wind of Sumner’s speech.Senator Butler was related to Congressman Brooks, who angrily decided he must defend the honor of his family and of the South.Slide39

Congressman Brooks charged into the Senate chamber and viciously beat Sumner unconscious with a cane.

Many Southerners cheered Brooks’ defense of the South, but most Northerners were shocked at such violence in the Senate.Slide40

“Bleeding Kansas” and “Bleeding Sumner” became rallying cries for antislavery Northerners, as well as for a new political party that was beginning to emerge.Slide41

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide42

Brooks objected to Sumner's position on popular sovereignty.

Sumner made insulting remarks against proslavery forces and Brooks' relative.

of the inaccurate portrayal of slavery in Sumner's novel, "Uncle Tom's Cabin.“

Sumner had criticized Brooks for supporting John Brown.

16. Why did Preston Brooks attack Charles Sumner in the Senate?