John W Gardner 1912 2002 We think of the mind as a storehouse to be filled when we should be thinking of it as an instrument to be used What is the Behaviourist Theory Learning is ID: 464335
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Slide1
The Behaviourist Theory of LearningSlide2
John W Gardner (1912 – 2002)
“We
think of the mind as a storehouse to be filled when we should be thinking of it as an instrument to be used
.”Slide3
What is the Behaviourist Theory?
Learning is
nothing more than the acquisition of new behaviour based on environmental conditions – linking a new behaviour to a stimulus by providing reinforcement after the correct behaviour is produced.Slide4
The Theorists
Pavlov
(1849 – 1936
)
Skinner (1904 – 1990)
Watson
(
1878 – 1958)Slide5
Ivan Petrovich
Pavlov
Russian scientist
Nobel prize winner in 1904
Famous for “Pavlov’s dogs”Slide6
Pavlov’s Dogs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpoLxEN54hoSlide7
Pavlov’s Theory
“Events
that previously had no relation to a given reflex
could
, through experience, trigger a
reflex.”
Fredholm
, L. (2001). Pavlov’s Dog. <http://nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html?print=1> [accessed 29th March 2011]Slide8
Burrhus Frederic Skinner
American Psychologist
Author
Famous
for “Skinner
box”Slide9
Skinner’s Box
www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQtDTdDr8vs&feature=relatedSlide10
Skinner’s Theory
“Changes
in behaviour are the result of an individual's response to events”
Kearsley
, G. (2011),
Explorations in Learning & Instruction: The Theory Into Practice Database
. <
http://tip.psychology.org/skinner.html> [accessed 29
th
March 2011]Slide11
John Broadus Watson
American Psychologist
Coined
the term "
Behaviourism
" in
1913
Famous for Little Albert experimentsSlide12
Little Albert
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xt0ucxOrPQE&feature=relatedSlide13
Watson’s Theory
“only
observable events, and not mental states, are the substance of
psychology”
Epstein, R. (1987),
J
ohn B Watson
. <http://www.answers.com/topic/john-b-watson
>
[accessed 29
th
March 2011]Slide14
Advantages of Behaviourism
Easily controlled by teacher
Some learners benefit from repetition
Rewards and punishments are clear
Ease of motivationSlide15
Disadvantages of Behaviourism
Ignores thought processes and emotions
Repetition may become boring
Totally teacher orientated
Little or no input from learners