Hopes of the Philippines 1898 Filipino General Emilio Aguinaldo claimed Philippine independence McKinley Initially said it would be criminal aggression to annex the Philippines But changed his mind ID: 718599
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Slide1
War with the PhilippinesSlide2
Hopes of the Philippines
1898 – Filipino General Emilio Aguinaldo claimed Philippine independenceSlide3
McKinley
Initially said it would “be criminal aggression” to annex the Philippines
But changed his mind
Why?
Summarize his four main points on your
paperWhat is his justification?Slide4
McKinley’s Statement:
When next I realized that the Philippines had dropped into our laps I confess I did not know what to do with them....I walked the floor of the White House night after night until midnight; and I am not ashamed to tell you, gentlemen, that I went down on my knees and prayed Almighty God for light and guidance....And one night late it came to me this way.... Slide5
McKinley’s Statement, Continued…
(1) that we could not give them back to Spain--that would be cowardly and dishonorable;
(2) That we could not turn them over to France or Germany--our commercial rivals in the Orient--that would be bad business and discreditable;
(3) That we could not leave them to themselves--they were unfit for self-government--and they would soon have anarchy and misrule worse than Spain's war;
(4) That there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them as our fellow men for whom Christ also died.
President McKinley on the PhilippinesSlide6
The War Begins
Feb 4, 1899 – Fighting erupted between American and Filipino soldiers
Congress voted on whether to declare the Philippines independent
Tie-breaking vote
Bill was defeated – war instead of independenceSlide7Slide8
The Scope of the War
America hoped the war would be quick
It wasn’t
70,000 American troops ended up fighting in the war
In response, Filipinos adopted guerilla tacticsSlide9
American Actions
Americans used harsh tactics:
Villages were burned
Civilians were imprisoned or killed
Torture was usedSlide10
Samar Island
Retaliation for a Filipino raid on an American garrison
General Jacob Smith told his men:
Turn the island into a “howling wilderness” so that “even birds could not live there…kill all persons…capable of bearing arms”Slide11Slide12
Samar Island Outcome
News reports of the atrocities at Samar Island led to public outcry
Congress held hearings into what had
happened
Amount killed is still unknownSlide13
End of the War
War was officially declared over in 1902
Fighting continued for several years
More than
4,000-5,000 Americans
diedMore than 200,000 Filipinos diedSlide14
After the War
U.S. turns control of the Philippines over to the Filipinos in 1907 and pledge to grant the country its independence in 1916
They
eventually got independence in 1946Slide15
Changing Views on Imperialism
Slide16Slide17Slide18
Anti-Imperialist League
The League organized against American imperialism
Mark Twain:
“We have pacified some thousands of the islanders and buried them; destroyed their fields; burned their villages, and turned their widows and orphans out-of-doors; we have acquired property in the three hundred concubines and other slaves, and hoisted our protecting flag over that swag. And so, by these Providences of God – and the phrase is the governments, not mine – we are a world power.” Slide19
Attitudes about Imperialism
Some Americas were extremely supportive of imperialism and wanted to extend America’s reach throughout the world
Senator
Beveridge
in 1900:
“Mr. President, the times call for candor. The Philippines are ours forever….And just beyond the Philippines are China’s illimitable markets. We will not retreat from either…
The Pacific is our ocean…China is our natural customer. The Philippines give us a base at the door of all the East. It has been charged that our conduct in the war has been cruel. Senators, it has been the reverse…Senators must remember that we are not dealing with Americans or Europeans. We are dealing with Orientals.” Slide20
Why did some Americans support imperialism and others oppose it? Slide21
Source
(Pro
or Anti-Imperialism?)
Main Characters/
Symbols
How America & the Philippines are portrayed
Message of the cartoonSlide22
Clues for Cartoon Analysis
Additional clues
William
McKinley was President at the start of the Philippine War. He supported expansion and thought it was his duty to civilize the Filipinos.
Pro-Imperialism Magazines:
Judge and Puck
Anti-Imperialism Magazines:
Life and The World