Prof Jim Baird Caledonian Environment Centre Glasgow Caledonian University 1 Scotlands Waste Households 32 Million Tonnes OfficesSchoolsShopsIndustry 84 Million Tonnes Construction and Demolition ID: 487189
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Carbon Accounting in the Waste Sector" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Carbon Accounting in the Waste Sector
Prof Jim BairdCaledonian Environment CentreGlasgow Caledonian University
1Slide2
Scotland’s Waste
Households
3.2 Million Tonnes
Offices/Schools/Shops/Industry
8.4 Million Tonnes
Construction and Demolition 10.4 Million Tonnes
2Slide3
Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC)
Tightened up standards for operationRequired pre-treatment of waste prior to landfillAnd Perhaps most significantly:
Set targets for the diversion of Biodegradable Municipal WasteMunicipal Waste
Biodegradable
3Slide4
Definitions
Municipal WasteEU - waste from households, as well as other waste, which, because of its nature or composition, is similar to waste from householdUK – Waste Collected by or on behalf of the Local Authority
BiodegradableAny waste that is capable of undergoing anaerobic or aerobic decomposition, such as; food and garden waste; and paper and cardboard
Leads to Biodegradable Municipal Waste (BMW)
4Slide5
Effect of Recycling on Biodegradable tonnage
3.2Mt/yr
2.5Mt/yr
2.0
1.2
1.02002/32005/6
2020
2013
2010
1.5
Landfill
Directive Targets
1.32
0.6
0.88
5Slide6
Implications
By 2010 – need 300kt/yr treatment capacity
5 of these
6Slide7
Or
4
of these
Implications
7Slide8
Or a lot more of this:
Implications
8Slide9
Or Even better -
9Slide10
Evolving Drivers – Recycling Targets
Scotland currently recycles/composts around 30% of MSW
New recycling/composting targets:
40% by 2010
50% by 2013
60% by 202070% by 2025New National Waste Plan with single outcome agreements for each local authoritiesMax. 25% mixed waste treated using efficient energy technologies (e.g. EfW)
10Slide11
First Wave:
Recycling and Composting
11Slide12
Energy Sector
CO2 E
Manufacturing Sector
Business Consumers
Householders (Councils)
ResourcesResourcesCO2 ELandfillCO2 EWaste
Sector
Reprocessor
Materials
EfW
12Slide13
Current Situation -41%
Recycling
BASELINE
2010/11 (41% RECYCLING)
SCHEME
COST (£K)TONNAGE (Tonnes)Cost Per tonne (£/t)
% MSW RECYCLED COMPOSTED
CO
2
(Equivalent) Emissions t/year
Kerbside blue bin
435
7,932
54
10%
-
13,532
Kerbside black box
666
3,732
178
5%
-
2,975
Kerbside green waste
601
7,298
82
9%
136
Special uplifts
0
0
0%
0
Recycling Centres
1,219
12,169
100
16%
-
3,591
Commercial waste
-684
1,142
1%
-
1,878
Landfilled Residual Waste
4,106
--
£27 Collection
--
24,526
£73
Disposal+Tax
Administration
1,772
--
--
--
TOTALS
8,116
32,338
41%
2,686
An Example Council
Population: 60,000 households
13Slide14
Increased Recycling – 52% Recycling
BASELINE Plus
2010/11
(52%
RECYCLING)
SCHEMECOST (£K)TONNAGE (Tonnes)
Cost Per tonne (£/t)
% MSW RECYCLED COMPOSTED
CO
2
(Equivalent) Emissions t/year
Kerbside blue bin
801
9,816
82 (54)
13%
-
16,698
Kerbside black box
666
3,732
178(178)
5%
-
2,975
Kerbside green waste
1,752
12,908
135(82)
16%
284
Special uplifts
170
1,156
147(0)
2%
-2,975
Recycling Centres
1,219
12,169
100(100)
16%
-
3,539
Commercial waste
-684
1,142
1%
-
1,878
Landfilled Residual Waste
3,470
--
£35 (£27) Collection
--
18,760
£73
Disposal + Tax
Administration
1,772
--
--
--
TOTALS
9,166
40,924
52%
-6,522
14
An Example Council
Population: 60,000 householdsSlide15
Carbon Impacts – 4 Components
Collection – vehicles locally collecting wasteLocal Reprocessing
– includes transport to marketsDisplacing Virgin MaterialLandfilling residual
15Slide16
Displacement of Virgin Materials
Tonne CO2(E)/tonne
USEPA WARM
USEPA report
AEATERMWRAPAveAluminium Cans-8.14-14.95-9.07-11.63-15.70-11.90Glass-0.17-0.32-0.25
-0.76-0.64
-0.43
HDPE
-0.84
-1.54
-0.49
-2.32
-1.17
-1.27
PET
-0.92
-1.70
-1.76
-1.46
Mixed Paper - Residential
-2.12
-3.88
-0.60
-0.50
-1.75
-1.77
Corrugated Box
-1.87
-3.44
-0.70
-2.00
Steel Cans
-1.08
-1.98
-1.49
-0.43
-1.13
-1.22
16Slide17
Carbon Emissions – Recycling Programmes
Carbon Eq Tonnes/yr
Baseline Scenario 41% recycling
Baseline Plus Scenario 52% Recycling
Collection
MRF
Reprocessing
Landfill
Total
Collection
MRF
Reprocessing
Landfill
Total
Difference
Dry Recyclate Collection
55
452
-14,039
0
-13,532
118
559
-17,375
0
-16,698
-3,166
Garden Waste
55
82
0
0
136
118
166
0
0
284
148
Black Box (Cans/Glass)
118
69
-3,162
0
-2,975
118
69
-3,162
0
-2,975
0
Bulky Uplift Service
0
0
0
0
0
50
11
-486
0
-424
-424
Recycling Centre - Source Segregation
0
66
-3,605
0
-3,539
0
66
-3,605
0
-3,539
0
Recycling Centre - Residual Recovery
99
27
-178
0
-52
99
27
-178
0
-52
0
Commercial Waste Collection
71
51
-1,999
0
-1,878
71
51
-1,999
0
-1,878
0
Residual
Waste Collection/Disposal
109
0
0
24,417
24,526
109
0
0
18,650
18,760
-5,767Total Impact (C Eq Tonnes)506747-22,98324,4172,686683950-26,80518,650-6,522-9,209
17Slide18
Carbon Emissions – Recycling Programmes
Carbon Eq Tonnes/yr
Baseline Scenario 41% recycling
Baseline Plus Scenario 52% Recycling
Collection
MRF
Reprocessing
Landfill
Total
Collection
MRF
Reprocessing
Landfill
Total
Difference
Dry Recyclate Collection
55
452
-14,039
0
-13,532
118
559
-17,375
0
-16,698
-3,166
Garden Waste
55
82
0
0
136
118
166
0
0
284
148
Black Box (Cans/Glass)
118
69
-3,162
0
-2,975
118
69
-3,162
0
-2,975
0
Bulky Uplift Service
0
0
0
0
0
50
11
-486
0
-424
-424
Recycling Centre - Source Segregation
0
66
-3,605
0
-3,539
0
66
-3,605
0
-3,539
0
Recycling Centre - Residual Recovery
99
27
-178
0
-52
99
27
-178
0
-52
0
Commercial Waste Collection
71
51
-1,999
0
-1,878
71
51
-1,999
0
-1,878
0
Residual
Waste Collection/Disposal
109
0
0
24,417
24,526
109
0
0
18,650
18,760
-5,767Total Impact (C Eq Tonnes)506747-22,98324,4172,686683950-26,80518,650-6,522-9,209
18Slide19
Carbon Emissions – Recycling Programmes
Carbon Eq Tonnes/yr
Baseline Scenario 41% recycling
Baseline Plus Scenario 52% Recycling
Collection
MRF
Reprocessing
Landfill
Total
Collection
MRF
Reprocessing
Landfill
Total
Difference
Dry Recyclate Collection
55
452
-14,039
0
-13,532
118
559
-17,375
0
-16,698
-3,166
Garden Waste
55
82
0
0
136
118
166
0
0
284
148
Black Box (Cans/Glass)
118
69
-3,162
0
-2,975
118
69
-3,162
0
-2,975
0
Bulky Uplift Service
0
0
0
0
0
50
11
-486
0
-424
-424
Recycling Centre - Source Segregation
0
66
-3,605
0
-3,539
0
66
-3,605
0
-3,539
0
Recycling Centre - Residual Recovery
99
27
-178
0
-52
99
27
-178
0
-52
0
Commercial Waste Collection
71
51
-1,999
0
-1,878
71
51
-1,999
0
-1,878
0
Residual
Waste Collection/Disposal
109
0
0
24,417
24,526
109
0
0
18,650
18,760
-5,767Total Impact (C Eq Tonnes)506747-22,98324,4172,686683950-26,80518,650-6,522-9,209
19Slide20
Carbon Emissions – Recycling Programmes
Carbon Eq Tonnes/yr
Baseline Scenario 41% recycling
Baseline Plus Scenario 52% Recycling
Collection
MRF
Reprocessing
Landfill
Total
Collection
MRF
Reprocessing
Landfill
Total
Difference
Dry Recyclate Collection
55
452
-14,039
0
-13,532
118
559
-17,375
0
-16,698
-3,166
Garden Waste
55
82
0
0
136
118
166
0
0
284
148
Black Box (Cans/Glass)
118
69
-3,162
0
-2,975
118
69
-3,162
0
-2,975
0
Bulky Uplift Service
0
0
0
0
0
50
11
-486
0
-424
-424
Recycling Centre - Source Segregation
0
66
-3,605
0
-3,539
0
66
-3,605
0
-3,539
0
Recycling Centre - Residual Recovery
99
27
-178
0
-52
99
27
-178
0
-52
0
Commercial Waste Collection
71
51
-1,999
0
-1,878
71
51
-1,999
0
-1,878
0
Residual
Waste Collection/Disposal
109
0
0
24,417
24,526
109
0
0
18,650
18,760
-5,767Total Impact (C Eq Tonnes)506747-22,98324,4172,686683950-26,80518,650-6,522-9,209
20Slide21
Carbon Emissions – Recycling Programmes
Carbon Eq Tonnes/yr
Baseline Scenario 41% recycling
Baseline Plus Scenario 52% Recycling
Collection
MRF
Reprocessing
Landfill
Total
Collection
MRF
Reprocessing
Landfill
Total
Difference
Dry Recyclate Collection
55
452
-14,039
0
-
13,532
118
559
-17,375
0
-16,698
-3,166
Garden Waste
55
82
0
0
136
118
166
0
0
284
148
Black Box (Cans/Glass)
118
69
-3,162
0
-2,975
118
69
-3,162
0
-2,975
0
Bulky Uplift Service
0
0
0
0
0
50
11
-486
0
-424
-424
Recycling Centre - Source Segregation
0
66
-3,605
0
-
3,539
0
66
-3,605
0
-3,539
0
Recycling Centre - Residual Recovery
99
27
-178
0
-52
99
27
-178
0
-52
0
Commercial Waste Collection
71
51
-1,999
0
-1,878
71
51
-1,999
0
-1,878
0
Residual
Waste Collection/Disposal
109
0
0
24,417
24,526
109
0
0
18,65018,760-5,767Total Impact (C Eq Tonnes)506747-22,98324,4172,686683950-26,80518,650-6,522-9,209
21Slide22
Scotland’s Emissions Mt CO2
E
1990
2006
Energy
54.452.4Industrial Processes1.71.5Agriculture8.77Land -2.5-4.5Waste5.82.5Total68.059.022Slide23
Scotland’s Carbon Emissions (CO2
E)
59Mt
Energy Sector
Industrial Processes
AgricultureLand Use/ForestryWaste2.36Mt (4%)Fugitive landfill EmissionsGas RecoveryCollectionReprocessingRecycled materialsScotlandScotland’s Waste Sector23Slide24
Impact of Scotland’s Municipal Waste
3.2Mt/yr to manage – two scenariosScenario 1 No recycling
– all waste to landfillScenario 2 52% recycling – remainder to landfill
Expanding of kerbside collection services
Recycling Centres
Focus of organic materials being recovered24Slide25
Impact of Scotland’s Municipal Waste
25
Kt CO
2
E
No Recycling52% RecyclingCollection1118Sorting and delivery to market--69Displacement of Virgin Material--1935Landfill4,5481,727Total4,559-120Slide26
Energy Sector
CO2 E
Manufacturing Sector
Business Consumers
Householders (Councils)
ResourcesResourcesCO2 ELandfillCO2 EWaste
Sector
Reprocessor
Materials
EfW
26Slide27
Waste Management Contributing to Scotland’s Carbon Reduction Programme
Landfill Diversion – helping to reduce the 2.36Mt/yrBMW reductions help – Landfill gas as energy recovery remains criticalDoesn’t address commercial organic wastes though
Recycling – helping to reduce the 59Mt/yr
Small contribution to emissions from collection
Through raw material substitution – major contribution
Yet what fiscal carbon mechanism works to support the waste sector?none 27Slide28
But what about Waste Prevention
Avoiding the production of waste is bestTaking a basket of materials (Paper/card/plastic/textiles/glass/metals)Avoided CO2 per tonne of material (USEPA data)
Apply 10% reduction of these materials across MSW and C&I waste streams in ScotlandPredicts 1Mt/yr in CO
2
TE emissions reduction!
28Slide29
Waste Supporting Carbon Reduction
Activity
Possible
(ktCO2E)
contribution
RecyclingCollection6Sorting Reprocessing69 Landfill(-)2,821 Displacement of Raw Material(-)1,935Prevention (10% of basket materials)(-)1,000Total(-)5,681Well targeted waste policies have a compounding effect and could contribute 6% towards Scotland’s 80% reduction targets29Slide30
To Conclude:
Waste Management can play an important role in reducing Scotland’s GHG EmissionsThe IPCC Reporting Mechanisms limit the extent to which the waste sector is credited for its contribution.
30