Notes Part 2 Vietnam amp Civil Rights Vietnam war The battle against communism must be joinedwith strength and tradition Lyndon B Johnson LBJ escalates the war Sends majority of troops ID: 773729
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Notes Part 2: Vietnam & Civil Rights
Vietnam war
“The battle against communism must be joined…with strength and tradition.” -Lyndon B. JohnsonLBJ escalates the warSends majority of troops Money U.S. gets involved
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution LBJ announces North Vietnamese have fired on 2 American destroyers in the Gulf of TonkinImmediately orders American aircraft to attack North Vietnamese ships U.S. gets involved
U.S. gets involved The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution justified LBJ’s escalation of troops in Vietnam Congress to LBJ: “take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression”
Superior firepower Search and destroy missionsBlockades Strategies: America
Napalm-jellied gasoline that explodes on contact Strategies: America
Agent Orange-chemical that strips leaves from trees and shrubs; exposed the enemy Strategies: America
Ambush (blended in with others) Booby trapsUnderground TunnelsNot fighting to win, fighting to prolong Strategies: Vietcong
This is significant because it showed superior military technology does NOT guarantee victory! Strategies
Vietcong and North Vietnamese launch a massive surprise attackAttacked airbases in South Vietnam and most of the South’s major cities TET Offensive
Turning point in Vietnam WarU.S. military loses confidenceLBJ decides not to run for reelection TET Offensive
1. Public support began to drop as the war waged on Anti-War Movement
2. Vietnam is the 1st televised war Combat footage shown on the nightly news3. Brought the brutality of the war into living room Anti-War Movement
President Nixon started policy of Vietnamization: gradual withdrawal of U.S. troops while the South Vietnamese assumed fighting Vietnamization
Civil Rights movement
Court Cases Plessy vs. Ferguson established “separate but equal.” Nicknamed “Jim Crow” laws Legalized racial segregation
Court Cases 1954-case involving Linda BrownDenied admission to her neighborhood school in Topeka, Kansas because of her raceTold to attend an all-black school across town
Court Cases Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)Reversed Plessy vs. Ferguson“separate educational facilities are inherently unequal”AKA integration!
Little Rock nINESchool board in Little Rock, Arkansas agreed to admit 9 African American students to Central High School
Governor of Arkansas favored segregation Posted the Arkansas National Guard at Central High to prevent nine African-American students from entering the building Little Rock nINE
Central High Little Rock Nine
President Eisenhower placed the National Guard under Federal command to protect the students “to protect the authority of the Supreme Court.” ---President EisenhowerSignificance: Government will enforce court decisions on integration Little Rock nINE
Believed in nonviolent passive resistance Drew upon philosophy and techniques of Gandhidelivered the speech “I Have a Dream.” racial segregation be replaced with an integrated society Martin Luther King, Jr.
Appointed the first African American Judge of SCOTUS by President Johnson in 1967. Thurgood marshall
Civil rights leader who founded C.O.R.E. which promoted nonviolent ways to protest for civil rights and equality. James L. Farmer, Jr.
Founded the American G.I. Forum of Texas which advocates on behalf of Hispanic veterans. Hector P. Garcia
Civil Rights activist who selected the plaintiff for the Sweatt v. Painter case (origins to Brown v Board; UT law school) Lulu belle Madison white