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Slide1
Urbanization
Introduction to Global StudiesXIDS 2301
Slide2Map 18 Urbanization
Slide3Slide4Slide5An increasing
number
of people in cities
Slide6An increasing
rate
of urbanization
Slide7Slide8Slide9Slide10Urbanization rate
Growth in urbanization rate
Slide11Megacities in 2003
Slide12Slide13*The share of the world’s, MDC’s, and LDC’s urban populations concentrated in megacities is increasing, but . . .
Distribution of urban population by city size
Slide14Slide15Slide16Slide17“
Overurbanization
”
What? Why?
Slide18Squatting
South America
Southeast Asia
Slide19Informal Economy
Africa
South America
Slide20Urbanization:
Local and Global Forces
Push or Pull?
Slide21Slide22Slide23Cities will account for virtually all future world population growth
Ninety five percent of this will occur in the urban areas of developing countries
Dhaka, Kinshasa, Lagos
40 times larger than they were in 1950 (compare to London,
7 times larger in 1910 than 1800
Huge cities—Mexico city expected to grow to 50 million, almost 40 percent of the
National total
Three-quarters of burden of future world pop growth will be borne by smaller cities
“there is little or no planning to accommodate these people or provide them with
Services”
Why the rapid growth? Manufacturing growth. But most of developing world lacks this—
Urbanization is decoupled from industrialization and “development” and rising
Agricultural productivity
Urbanization without industrialization
Why? Economic liberalization—declining safety nets, farmers competing in global commodity
Mkts
, more vulnerable to
exogeneous
shocks: drought, inflation, falling prices, etc.
Plus unstable wars, combining with economic dislocations, were ravaging
countrysides
Global forces are “pushing” people from the countryside—mechanization of
ag
, importers, civil war and drought,
Comptition
with industrial-scale agribusiness; the “pull” is weakened by stagnant growth
Population growth without investment in infrastructure, educational facilities, public health
systems
Slide24Slum growth—urbanization and slum growth are synonymous
Since 1970, slum growth has outpaced urbanization
Mexico City– 60 percent of city’s growth was slum growth
Sao Paulo—slums were 1.2 percent in 1973, 20 percent in 1993
In Amazon, 80 percent of city growth is in slums
In South Asia 90 percent of urban growth was slum growth
Of 500k who migrate to Delhi each year, 400k end up in slums; by 2015 will have slum pop of 10 million
In Africa, fastest slum growth on earth. Growing twice as fast as overall city growth
In Kenya, 85 percent of city growth was slum growth
Cities of the future quote on page 19
“The state does nothing here quote on page 62
Squatting and informal economy
Strategy has shifted from eliminating slums and/or poverty to improving them; they are now the solution and not the problem—self-help, incremental construction and legalization
Slide25http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/05/dharavi-mumbai-slum/dharavi-video-interactive
Slide26Slide27Slide28Slide29Slide30Slide31Slide32Slide33Slide34Slide35
Urbanization
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