Presentations text content in Immigration and urbanization
Slide1
Immigration and urbanization
Slide2Immigration in America
Immigrants come to America to find a better life
Immigration also increased the Industrial Boom!
Majority came from Britain, Ireland, Germany, Italy, Russia, China, and Japan
From 1866-1915 25 million immigrants came over
Slide3Immigration in America
Most arrive in steamships
Often travel in cargo holds
1 week across the Atlantic and a 3-week journey across the Pacific
“Oh God, I was sick. Everybody was sick. I don’t even want to remember anything about that old boat. One night I prayed to God that it would go down because the waves were washing over it. I was that sick, I didn’t care if it went down or not.”
- Bertha Devlin, an Irish immigrant 1923
Slide4Conditions on the steamships were very poor and overcrowded. They were not allowed on deck, slept in louse-infested bunks, shared toilets, and in such conditions disease spread quickly. Some even died before they reached America.
Immigrants traveling to the United States
Slide5Ellis Island
Main immigration station on the East Coast
Nearly 11,000 people entered the US at Ellis Island each day
Immigrants had to pass several tests before they were allowed to stay in America
Physical exam (5 hours), government inspections, literacy tests, ability to work, money to get started, etc.
Slide6Quotes from Immigrants coming through Ellis Island
http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigration/tour/stop5.htm
(separation)
http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigration/tour/stop9.htm
($20)
Slide7Liberty Enlightening the World
The Statue of Liberty greeted those entering Ellis Island.
Designed by Frederick Bartholdi, the skeletal framework within the monument was made by
Alexandre
Eiffle
His mother is believed to be the model
A gift from France to symbolize our alliance during the American Revolution. The people of France financed the statue itself while Americans financed the pedestal and island.
Slide8The Statue of Liberty
The Statue of Liberty was unveiled October 28
th
, 1886
“Lady Liberty” portrays a woman escaping the chains of tyrannyTorch – liberty
Tablet – The date of our independence is inscribed
7 Spikes on her crown – 7 seas and continents
Project cost $87 million and took 2 years to complete
http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigration/tour/stop2.htm
Slide9
Angel Island
Main immigration station on the West Coast
Immigrants were treated more harshly here because of their Asian descent
Difficult questioning
Filthy buildingsConfined liked prisoners until their fate was decided
Slide10Anti-Asian Sentiment
Native-born workers in the West feared their jobs would go to the Chinese, who would accept lower wages.
1882
Chinese Exclusion Act
Banned entry to all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials
In 1902 Chinese immigration was restricted indefinitely
Slide11Anti-Asian Sentiment
San Francisco segregated Japanese in school.
Gentlemen’s Agreement –
Japan would limit emigration of unskilled workers to America, if San Francisco repeals its segregation order.
Slide12Culture Shock
Confusion and anxiety caused by a new culture and language
Immigrants from places like Russia, Italy, China, and Japan were generally not well liked. Why?
Previous country had yet to experience Industrial Revolution
Ethnic communities formed to help immigrants cope (like little Italy)
Speak native language
Learn new customs together
Slide13Melting Pot
The US becomes known as a melting pot
Immigrant groups assimilate into the dominant culture
Some argue that we are now a salad bowl instead of a melting pot.
Why do you think that is?
Slide14Urbanization = rapid growth of cities
Many move to the cities because of more opportunities and cheaper living
Urbanization
Slide15Urbanization
6 major problems associated with urbanization:
Housing –
Overcrowded, unsanitary, 2-3 families living in a single home
Transportation – Develop public transportation to help; cable cars, subways
Slide16Urbanization
Water –
Begin chlorinating water in 1893 to make it safer to drink
Sanitation –
Animal and human waste, pollution, garbage piled in streets. Create sanitation departments and sewage lines.Fire –
Limited water supply and wood dwellings
Cincinnati creates the 1
st paid fire department in 1853
Crime –
Pickpockets, thieves, con men, gangs
New York city creates the first police department in 1844
Slide17Sanitation Problems
Slide18Political Machines
Control enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of the city
Often led by one person “Boss” behind the scenes
Offer services to citizens and businesses in exchange for financial or political support
City jobs or contractsPolitical Appointments
Help immigrants gain citizenship
Slide19Political Machines
Political Machines had control over political offices and city jobs
Fire, Police, Sanitation, Etc.
Bosses also took large amounts of “graft” or kickbacks
Falsified bills and accepted bribes
Slide20The Tweed Ring
Led by William Marcy Tweed
Controlled New York City (Tammany Hall)
Illegally took $200 million in graft
A Political cartoonist, Thomas Nast, helped expose TweedResulted in Tweeds arrest
Slide21The Merit System
Reformers called for an end to the Spoils System
Giving government jobs to those who helped them win election
The Pendleton Act:
Required jobs in civil service to be based on qualifications, not political connections
Immigration and urbanization
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