Symbiosis Antagonism part 2 Spec A Spec B name Antagonism Antagonisms Prey and predator are differently motivated Whereas the prey runs for its life the predator runs for a meal ID: 1036738
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1. Bio 161 Ecology and EvolutionSymbiosis: Antagonism (part 2).Spec ASpec BnameAntagonism
2. Antagonisms: Prey and predator are differently motivated:Whereas the prey runs for its life, the predator runs for a meal.Or, when the predator loses it misses a meal; when the prey is defeated, it loses its life.
3. Alfred LotkaVito Volterra1925Mathematical modeling of antagonism:
4. Antagonism: Gause’s experiments.
5. ParameciumDidinium
6. No refuge for the preyParameciumDidinium
7. (Complete) refuge for preyParameciumDidinium
8. Partial refuge for the preyParameciumDidinium
9. Antagonism: Examples in nature.Kaibab Plateau deer.
10. Kaibab Plateau Exp.Kaibab Plateau, (Arizona) experiment.(NE corner of Arizona.)
11. Antagonism: Examples in nature.Snowshoe hare and Northern lynx.
12.
13.
14.
15. Hudson Bay Fur Co.
16. Antagonism: Examples in nature.Red grouse and nematode worm.
17. Red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) and nematode worm (Trichostrongylus tenuis)
18. Antagonism: Examples in nature.Prickly pear cactus and Cactoblastis moth (Australia).
19.
20. Cactoblastis moth
21. Cactoblastis larvae feeding on cactus pad.
22.
23. Antagonism: Examples in nature.Asian giant hornet and honeybees.
24. (Europeanhoney bee)(Asian honey bee)
25. Apis cerana (Asian honey bee)
26. Apis cerana (Asian honey bee)
27. Apis mellifera (European honey bee)
28. Apis mellifera(European honey bee)
29. Apis mellifera(European honey bee)
30. Vespa mandarinia (Asian giant hornet)
31. Vespa mandarinia (Asian giant hornet)
32. Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia) raiding honey bee hive and decapitating the honeybees one-by-one.
33. Suffocation of Giant honet (Vespa mandarinia) by Asian honey bee cluster.
34. Suffocation of Giant honet (Vespa mandarinia) by Asian honey bee cluster.
35. Cicada killer
36. Cicada killer
37. Antagonism: Examples in nature.Rabbits and Myxomatosa virus (Australia).
38. Overpopulation rabbits Australia
39.
40. The Black Death is estimated to have killed 30% to 60% of Europe's population. In total, the plague may have reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million to 350–375 million in the 14th century. It took 200 years for the world population to recover to its previous level. The plague recurred as outbreaks in Europe until the 19th century.
41. Antagonism: Examples in nature.Black death (Yersinia pestis) and humans.
42. Measles before introduction of vaccin.
43. Tomato hornworm mothHawk mothSphynx mothHummingbird mothParadsitoid.
44.
45. Manduca sexta
46. Manduca sextaTomato hornworm mothHawk mothSphynx mothHummingbird moth
47. Cotesia congregata: Braconid wasp ovipositing into a hornworm.
48.
49.
50.
51. Cabbage butterflyPieris rapae)Cotesia rubecula, parasitoid wasp oviposition of eggs in caterpillar.
52. Nest parasitism: cuckoo.
53.
54. Alcon blue butterfly(Phengaris alcon)
55. Recently emerged caterpillar of Alcon blue butterfly (Phengaris alcon) carried to ant’s nest by a worker of red ant (Myrmica rubra).
56. Alcon blue butterfly (Phengaris alcon) larvae in ant’s nest fed fluid by worker of red ant (Myrmica rubra).
57. Ichneumon eumerus wasp lays an egg in the larva of the Alcon butterfly.
58. Red velvet ant (Dasymutilla occidentalis) or ‘cow-killer’
59. The End
60. African crested rat (Lophiomys imhausi)Q1. This animal’s defense against predation is?
61. ParameciumDidiniumQ2. Under which conditions did Gause obtain the results shown?
62. Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia) raiding honey bee hive and decapitating the honeybees one-by-one.Q3. In less than 5 words, why can Asian honeybees defend themselves against marauding Asian giant hornets but European honeybees can not?
63. Q4. What controls the population size of (a) Snowshoe hare and (b) Canadian lynx?
64. Nematode(Trichostrongylus tenuis)Red grouse(Lagopus lagopus scoticus)Q5. How did researchers establish what determined the periodic population crashes of the Red Grouse?