PPT-Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) protein US27 on host & viral gene expression

Pearley Chinta and Juliet V Spencer Abstract Methods Results Conclusions HCMV is a widespread pathogen in the general population and can cause severe disease in immunecompromised hosts HCMV manipulates immune responses in several ways one of which includes encoding genes with homology to host chemokine receptors HCMV US27 encodes a chemokinelike receptor that stimulates host gene expression While no chemokine ligand has been identified for US27 it is constitutively active US27 stimulates the gene expression of antioxidant response element ARE regulated genes by activation of the transcription factor nuclear respiratory factor 1 NRF1 The goal of this project is to identify specific host and viral genes that are regulated by US27 Increased expression of antioxidant genes is likely to benefit virus infection and enable more progeny virus to be produced Thus a better understanding of the US27 function has the potential to lead to the development of novel antiviral therapies necessary to treat HCMV infection . nk. cell evasion functions target mica for . lysosomal. degradation. Audrey . Lullo, Brett . Seaholm. , . Socheata. . Vong. , Jamie . islas. , Cody . Carini. , . Immune Evasion. “Methods used by pathogenic organisms to evade a host’s immune system.”. What does the operon model attempt to explain?. the coordinated control of gene expression . in bacteria. bacterial resistance to antibiotics. how genes move between homologous regions of DNA. the mechanism of viral attachment to a host cell. Presentation by. Seema. Hassan . Satti. Ph.D. 1. st. semester. 00-arid-1057. Botany Department. INTRODUCTION. RNA silencing is a homology-dependent gene inactivation mechanism that regulates a wide range of biological processes including antiviral defense. . . in wounds undergoing negative pressure wound therapy. Nate . Stearrett. (presentation format shamelessly stolen from Jeff . Elhai. ). Chronic Wounds. http://wjes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1749-7922-2-10. Anablep. . anablep. . with its “4 eyes”. Upper half of lids look aerially while the lower half looks into the water.. Cells of the two parts of the eye exhibit differential gene expression. Individual bacteria respond to environmental change by regulating their gene expression. Controlling gene expression is often accomplished by controlling transcription initiation.. Regulatory proteins . bind to DNA to either block or stimulate transcription, depending on how they interact with RNA polymerase.. . PATHOGENESIS. The. . study. . of. . viral. . pathogenesis elucidates. . this. . special. . relationship. . between. . the. . virus. . and. . the intact. . host.. . The. . term. . CMV pp65 (1-L-11): sc-52401 Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. 1.800.457.3801 831.457.3800 fax 831.457.3801 Europe + 00800 4573 8000 49 6221 4503 0 www.scbt.com BACKGROUND Cytomegalo Table 1: Breast Cancer Cell Lines. . Changes in the total amount of hormone receptors will be determined by Western blotting. We expect that HCMV infection will reduce the expression of hormone receptors and decrease the cells’ responsiveness to extracellular stimuli..  which is designed to allow . expression.  (. transcription.  and . translation. ) of the inserted section of . DNA. . The . vector.  carries a . promoter.  (normally inducible) on one side of the .  . Antigenic drift. . where individual bases in the DNA or RNA . mutate. to other bases. Most of these . point mutations. are "silent" – they do not change the protein that the gene encodes. . Viral Replication. Viruses multiply only in living cells (As viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens they cannot replicate without the machinery and metabolism of a host . cell). . . The . host cell must provide the energy and synthetic machinery and the low-molecular-weight precursors for the synthesis of viral proteins and nucleic acids. . 3rd. Lecture . Generalized Structure of Viruses. Viral components. Nucleic acids. Capsid. Envelope. Glycoprotein. Basic virus structure. Capsid protein. Nucleocapsid. Naked capsid virus. DNA. RNA. or. van Duin D, Miranda C, Husni E. Cytomegalovirus Viremia, Pneumonitis, and Tocilizumab Therapy. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17(4):754-756. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1704.101057.