Sero -epidemiologic study on Foot-and-Mouth Disease in livestock in West Libya - PowerPoint Presentation

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Sero

-epidemiologic study on Foot-and-Mouth Disease in livestock in West Libya

Symaia M. AbdulJawad

1

, Hiyam M. Zegallai

1

,

Emad

M. Bennour

2

, Ibrahim M. Eldaghay

2

, Fabrizio Rosso

3

,

Chris J. M. Bartels

3

and

Abdunaser

S. Dayhum

2

1

National

Center

of Animal Health, P. O. Box 121,

Zawia

, Libya

2

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P. O. Box 13662, Tripoli, Libya.

3

EUFMD

1

European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome, Italy

Study objectives and results

For two areas in North-west Libya (

Zliten

and Tripoli) in small and large ruminants

to

determine the

NSP-Ab

sero

-prevalence for Foot

and Mouth Disease (FMD

)

to identify the

putative risk

factors associated with

FMD infection.

Two master degree:

Serological Survey for Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Livestock Animals in

Zliten

Region – Libya by

Symaia M.

AbdulJawad

SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN SHEEP, GOATS AND CATTLE IN TRIPOLI REGION, LIBYA

by

Hiyam M.

Zegallai

Objectives and study design

Study objective

To acquire a better understanding of the epidemiology of FMD virus circulation in large and small ruminants with regard to Prevalence and putative Risk factors

To support the risk-based strategy for FMD control in Libya

Study areaTwo areas in West Libya (Zliten (25) and Tripoli (22))Cross-sectional sero-surveySmall ruminants and large ruminants

FMD in Libya

Introduction of

FMD SAT 2 in 2012

FMD O – EA3 unnamed in 2012

FMD O – Ind-2001d in 2013Current political situation makes it hard to receive notifications and samples

Livestock production in Libya

Large ruminants: 156.000 heads of cattle, mainly dairy and around large cities

Small ruminants: 6.360.000 heads with

30% of owners trading mainly around larger cities

70% traditional livestock owners – grazing their stock

1800 km coast line

4400 km border lines

(Egypt, Sudan, Chad,

iger

, Algeria, Tunesia)Animal movement across Libya

Collaboration

EuFMD

2014

Developing a Risk-based Strategy Plan – PCP-FMD Stage 1

Identification of risk hotspotsIdentification of gaps and needsRisk prioritization and risk pathwaysDefinition of strategic objectives and tactics

Context of present study

Work of student as part of Master studies

Nearby Tripoli

Animal dense location

56.000 dairy cattle700.000 small ruminantsMixed farming practicesPrevious work was part of a collaboration with IZSLER in 2012-2014Investigation of FMD outbreaksImmune response in vaccinated animalsLevel of FMD virus circulation (NSP-Ab)

Study design

Cattle sampled:

91 herds (10% of herds)

Maximum 5 heads sampled

Total 435 heads of cattleSmall ruminants34 flocks with >= 100 heads (10% of flocks)48 samples per flock by age-categories (< 12 months, 12-23 months, >= 24 months)Total 1590 headsQuestionnaire with farmers on putative risk factorsManagement practicesLocation Species Samples tested for NSP-Ab against FMD

PrioCHECK® FMDV NSStatistical analysisPoisson regression analysis for risk factors at herd/flock level

Study

results – NSP-Ab

seropositivity

Herd level

25 out of 91 had no NSP-Ab + cattle8 out of 91 had all 5 cattle NSP-Ab +Individual level37% (95% CI: 32 – 41)

Flock level

1 out of 34 had no NSP-Ab + SR

Mean number NSP-Ab + was 7.4 heads

Median NSP-Ab + was 5 heads

Individual level

16% (95% CI: 15 – 18)

Association between NSP-Ab and animal-related factors

Cattle

Age: Cattle older than 12 months were 2-times more likely to test NSP-Ab positive compared with cattle younger than 12 months

Small ruminants

Over 12 months of age:

OR = 1.8 (1.2-3.5)

Goats versus sheep:

OR = 2.4 (1.8-3.1)

Imported versus local:

OR=1.8 (1.4-2.3)

Putative risk

factors at unit-level

Cattle

No statistically significant factors from multi-variable regression

Univariable testing indicatedProportion NSP-Ab increases with increasing herd sizeProportion NSP-Ab higher in Tripoli compared with Zliten

Small ruminants

Sales: farms selling more livestock had increased levels of FMD positive test results

(Odds ratio: 2.0 (95%CI: 1.2-3.4))

Manure: farms selling or taking the manure outdoors had higher levels of FMD positive test results

(Odds ratio: 1.8 (95%CI: 0.9-3.7))

Interpretation and discussion

Age is indicating active virus

circulation

FMD

virus circulation more in small ruminantsCattle are kept indoors (on site) more than small ruminantsCattle are more likely to be vaccinatedGoats testing positive more often than sheepSelling livestock and manure are putative risk factorsResults will help to inform livestock owners, private vets and extension workers on farm management practices to reduce exposure to FMD virus

Building capacity

Study design

Data collection

Data management

Thank you