Advanced Placement Poetry Terms - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Advanced Placement Poetry Terms

AP Lit and CompSlide2

Antithesis

A figure of speech characterized by strongly contrasting words, clauses, sentences or ideas

I.e. “Man Proposes, God disposes”

I. e. “The Hungry judges soon the sentence sign

And wretches hang that jury men may dine” (Second line is antithesis)Slide3

Apostrophe

A figure of speech in which someone (usually, but not always, absent) some abstract quality, or a nonexistent person is directly addressed

I. e.

Papa Above!

Regard a Mouse.

-Emily DickinsonSlide4

Other examples of apostrophes

"Twinkle, twinkle, little star,

How I wonder what you are.

Up above the world so high,

Like a diamond in the sky."

(Jane Taylor, "The Star," 1806

)

"Blue Moon, you saw me standing alone

Without a dream in my heart

Without a love of my own."

(Lorenz Hart, "Blue Moon")Slide5

Ballad Meter

A 4 line stanza rhymed

abcd

with four feet in lines

one and

and

three

and three feet in lines two and four

Foot= two beats

"

House Of The Rising Sun

".

There is a house in New Orleans

,

They

call the rising sun

.

And

it's been the ruin of many a poor boy

,*

And

God, I know I'm one.

“American the Beautiful”

O

beautiful for spacious

skies

,

For amber waves of grain

,

For

purple mountain

majesties

Above

the fruited plain

!

America

!

America!God

shed his grace on

thee

And

crown thy good with

brotherhood

From

sea to shining sea

!Slide6

Iambic Pentameter

i·am·bic

pen·tam·e·ter

five-foot

poetic line: the most common rhythm in English poetry, consisting of five iambs in each line. "The quality of mercy is not strained" is an iambic pentameter

.

Iambic Pentameter is most well known for its use in Shakespeare’s Sonnets and PlaysSlide7

Blank verse

Unrhymed

Iambic Pentameter

The meter of choice for most of Shakespeare’s plays

Example:

Five years have past; five summers, with

the

lengthOf

five long winters!

And

again I

hear These

waters,

rolling from

their

mountain-springs

With

a soft inland murmur. –

Once again Do

I behold these steep and lofty cliffs

...

(

Lines written a few miles above

Tintern

Abbey

, lines

Well

, they are gone, and here must I remain

,

This

lime-tree bower my prison!

I

have

lost Beauties

and feelings, such as would have

been

Most

sweet to my remembrance even when

agehad

dimmed mine eyes to blindness! They, meanwhile

...

(

This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison

, lines 1-5)Slide8

Cacophony

A harsh, unpleasant combination of sounds or tones

May be an unconscious flaw in the poet’s music, resulting in harshness of sound or difficulty of articulation, or it may be used consciously for effect

Jabberwocky

Lewis Carroll

'Twas

brillig

, and the

slithy

toves

Did gyre and

gimble

in the

wabe

;

All

mimsy

were the

borogoves

,

And the

mome

raths

outgrabe

.

“Rabbi Ben Ezra”

Browning

Irks care the crop-full bird? Frets doubt the maw-crammed beast?Slide9

Caesura

A pause, usually near the middle of a line of verse, usually indicated by the sense of a line, and often greater than the natural pause

Both of these following examples come from Alexander Pope

II Marks the Caesura

“To err is human

II

,

to forgive divine.”

Know

then thyself

II

, presume not God to scan;

The proper study of Mankind

II

is Man.

Plac'd

on this isthmus of a middle state,

A being darkly wise, and rudely great:Slide10

Conceit

An ingenious and fanciful notion or idea, usually expressed through an elaborate analogy

May be a brief metaphor

or the framework of an entire poem

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

by

William

Shakespeare

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate.

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

And summer's lease hath all too short a date.Slide11

Couplet

Two line stanza, usually with the same end rhyme

Examples from Shakespeare’s poetry

"Blessed are you whose worthiness gives scope,/Being had, to triumph; being lacked, to hope."

"So, till the

judgement

that yourself arise,/You live in this, and dwell in lovers' eyes."

"

Tir'd

with all these, from these would I be gone,/Save that, to die, I leave my love alone."

"You still shall live, such virtue hath my pen,/Where breath most breathes, even in the mouths of men."

"How like Eve's apple doth thy beauty grow,/If thy sweet virtue answer not thy show!"Slide12

Diction

Word Choice

Formal

Informal

Colloquial

(everyday)

Slang Slide13

Didactic Poetry

Poetry which is intended primarily to teach a lesson

To distinguish between didactic and non-didactic poetry, you must judge the author’s purpose.Slide14

Example

Alexander Pope’s “An Essay on Criticism”

'Tis

hard to say if greater want of skill

Appear in writing or in judging ill;

But of the two less dangerous is

th'offence

To tire our patience than mislead our sense:

Some few in that, but numbers err in this;

Ten censure wrong for one who writes amiss;

A fool might once himself alone expose;

Now one in verse makes many more in prose. Slide15

'Tis with our judgments as our watches, none Go just alike, yet each believes his own.

In Poets as true Genius is but rare,

True Taste as seldom is the Critic's share;

Both must alike from Heav'n derive their light,

These born to judge, as well as those to write.

Let such teach others who themselves excel,

And censure freely who have written well;

Authors are partial to their wit, 'tis true,

But are not Critics to their judgment too? Slide16

If by Rudyard Kipling

If

you can keep your head when all about you

Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;

If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,

But make allowance for their doubting too;

If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,

Or, being lied about, don't deal in lies,

Or, being hated, don't give way to hating,

And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise; Slide17

If you can dream - and not make dreams your master; If you can think - and not make thoughts your aim; If you can meet with triumph and disaster

And treat those two imposters just the same;

If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken

Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,

Or watch the things you gave your life to broken,

And stoop and build '

em

up with

wornout

tools; Slide18

Dramatic Poetry

A poem which employs a dramatic form or some element or elements of dramatic techniques as a means of achieving poetic ends.

Dramatic monologues

(in plays) are a good example of this.Slide19

Examples

PROMETHEUS AMID HURRICANE AND EARTHQUAKE

(from "Prometheus Bound")

by: Aeschylus

EARTH

is rocking in space! And the thunders crash up with a roar upon roar, And the eddying

lightnings

flash fire in my face, And the whirlwinds are whirling the dust round and round-- And the blasts of the winds universal leap free And blow each other upon each, with a passion of sound, And

æther

goes mingling in storm with the sea! Such a curse on my head, in a manifest dread, From the hand of your Zeus has been hurtled along! O my mother's fair glory! O

Æther

,

enringing

All eyes with the sweet common light of thy bringing,

Dost

see how I suffer this wrong? Slide20

Romeo and Juliet

JULIET

:

Thou

knowest

the mask of night is on my face; Else would a maiden blush

bepaint

my cheek For that which thou hast heard me speak to-night. Fain would I dwell on form -- fain, fain deny What I have spoke; but farewell compliment!

Dost

thou love me? I know thou wilt say 'Ay'; And I will take thy word. Yet, if thou

swear'st

, Thou

mayst

prove false. Slide21

At lovers' perjuries, They say Jove laughs. O gentle Romeo, If thou

dost

love, pronounce it faithfully. Or if thou

thinkest

I am too quickly won, I'll frown, and be perverse, and say thee nay, So thou wilt woo; but else, not for the world. In truth, fair Montague, I am too fond, And therefore thou

mayst

think my

havior

light; But trust me, gentleman, I'll prove more true Than those that have more cunning to be strange. I should have been more strange, I must confess, But that thou

overheard'st

, ere I was ware, My true-love passion. Therefore pardon me, And not impute this yielding to light love, Which the dark night hath so discovered.Slide22

Elegy

A sustained and formal poem setting forth the poet’s meditations upon death or another solemn theme.

Examples: “Annabel Lee” by Edgar Allen Poe

The angels, not half so happy in heaven,

Went envying her and me-

Yes!- that was the reason (as all men know,

In this kingdom by the sea)

That the wind came out of the cloud by night,

Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.Slide23

But our love it was stronger by far than the love

Of those who were older than we-

Of many far wiser than we-

And neither the angels in heaven above,

Nor the demons down under the sea,

Can ever dissever my soul from the soul

Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.Slide24

For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams

Of the beautiful Annabel Lee;

And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes

Of the beautiful Annabel Lee;

And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side

Of my darling- my darling- my life and my bride,

In the

sepulchre

there by the sea,

In her tomb by the sounding sea.Slide25
Slide26

“O Captain, My Captain”Walt WhitmanO Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done, The ship has

weather'd

every rack, the prize we sought is won, The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring; But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red, Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells; Rise up- for you the flag is flung- for you the bugle trills, Slide27

End-Stopped

A line with a pause at the end

Lines will have a period, comma, colon, semi-colon, exclamation point, or question mark.

10 Years

A friendship won,

A friendship lost,

A friendship full of love and trust,

A friendship gone,

A friendship there,

A friendship that,

We will always share

Allie WhiteheadSlide28

Enjambment

The continuation of the sense and grammatical construction (often a complete thought) from one line to the nextSlide29

Examples

Trees

by

Joyce Kilmer

I think that I shall never see

A poem lovely as a tree.

A tree whose hungry mouth is

prest

Against the sweet earth's flowing breast;

A tree that looks at God all day,

And lifts her leafy arms to pray; Slide30

“Sonnet 116:”"Let me not to the marriage of true mindsAdmit impediments. Love is not love

Which alters when it alteration finds,

Or bends with the remover to remove:"Slide31

Types of rhyme

Eye rhyme-

rhyme that appears correct from spelling, but not from sound

Ie

. “watch” and “match”

“love” and “move”Slide32

Feminine rhymeA rhyme of two syllables, one stressed and one unstressed, such as “waken” and “forsaken” and “audition” and “rendition”Slide33

Internal rhyme- rhyme that occurs within the sentence rather than at the endSlide34

Masculine rhyme- a rhyme that only matches one syllable, usually at the end of a lineSlide35

Example

Fire and

Ice

The rhyming of “twice” and “ice”

… But

if it had to perish twice,

I think I know enough of hate

To say that for destruction ice

Is also great

And would suffice.

Robert FrostSlide36

Free verse

Poetry not written in a specific traditional meter (ballad meter, sonnet form, etc.) and not necessarily rhymed, but is still rhythmicalSlide37

Examples

After the Sea-Ship—after the whistling winds;

After the white-gray sails, taut to their spars and ropes,

Below, a myriad, myriad waves, hastening, lifting up their necks,

Tending in ceaseless flow toward the track of the ship:

Waves of the ocean, bubbling and gurgling, blithely

prying…