PPT-Handling the Problems and Opportunities Posed by Multiple On-Chip Memory Controllers

Manu Awasthi David Nellans Kshitij Sudan Rajeev Balasubramonian Al Davis University of Utah Takeaway Multiple onchip MCs will be common in future CMPs with multiple cores sharing one MC. Avg Access Time 2 Tokens Number of Controllers Average Access Time clock cyles brPage 16br Number of Tokens vs Avg Access Time 9 Controllers Number of Tokens Average Access Time clock cycles brPage 17br brPage 18br History and Trends In Embedded System Memory. Ideal Memory: Yesterday, Today And Tomorrow. 1980 – 1990: The Stand-Alone Chip. Three Main Types:. SRAM. DRAM. Flash EEPROMs. 1980-1990: The Stand-Alone Chip. . and Architecture. William Stallings . 8th Edition. Chapter 5. Internal Memory. The two basic forms of semiconductor random access memory (RAM) are dynamic RAM (DRAM) and static RAM (SRAM). . SRAM is faster, more expensive, and less dense than DRAM, and is used for cache memory. DRAM is used for main memory.. Flip-flops are available in a variety of configurations. . A simple one with two independent D flip-flops with clear and preset signals is illustrated on the following slide.. Although packaged together, the two flip-flops are unrelated.. Off-Chip Power-Area-Timing Models. Norman P. . Jouppi. ¥. , Andrew B. Kahng. †‡. ,. Naveen Muralimanohar. ¥. , . Vaishnav Srinivas. †. November 6. th. , 2012. ECE. †. and CSE. ‡. Departments. 2. Processor development till 2004. Out-of-order. Instruction scheduling. 3. Why multi-core ?. Difficult to. increase. . clock . frequencies even . higher – heat . problems. . Moore’s law is at its limits. S. IM. : A Fast,. Configurable . Memory-Reliability Simulator for Conventional and 3D-Stacked Systems*. Memory Reliability Tutorial: HPCA-2016. Prashant Nair . . . Georgia Tech. David . Roberts . . By Thomas Darden. Design and Build. Both Systems are blocky and boast sharp angles. . Xbox One has the feel of an old VCR. PS4 has a 2 parallelogram platforms separated by a glowing blue line. Controllers. Ahmed . Sameh. and . Ananth. . Grama. NNSA/PRISM Center,. Purdue University. Path to . Exascale. Hardware Evolution. Key Challenges for Hardware. System Software. Runtime Systems. Programming Interface/ Compilation Techniques. Dr. . Saeed. . Shiry. Hypothesis Space. The . hypothesis space H is the space of functions . allow our algorithm to provide.. in the space the algorithm is allowed to search. . it is often important to choose the hypothesis space as a function of the amount of data available.. Dr. . Saeed. . Shiry. Hypothesis Space. The . hypothesis space H is the space of functions . allow our algorithm to provide.. in the space the algorithm is allowed to search. . it is often important to choose the hypothesis space as a function of the amount of data available.. CACTI-IO: CACTI With Off-Chip Power-Area-Timing Models Norman P. Jouppi ¥ , Andrew B. Kahng †‡ , Naveen Muralimanohar ¥ , Vaishnav Srinivas † November 6 th , 2012 ECE † and CSE ‡ Departments Maintaining/Handling the Rubber PAD 1. Handling the Rubber Pad If the Rubber is bent, the chip will not make contact with the PCB Sharp tweezers or other sharp objects will damage the PAD, if handled improperly Yoongu. Kim. Dongsu. Han. Onur Mutlu. Mor. . Harchol-Balter. Motivation. Modern multi-core systems . employ multiple memory controllers. Applications contend . with . each other in multiple controllers.