James Reeves MD CAPT MC USN Understand the roles responsibilities and stakeholders working in HADR contexts Understand when the DoD engages Describe healthrelated humanitarian assistance and disaster response processes and activities for the DoD ID: 692055
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Slide1
Humanitarian Assistanceand Disaster Response
James Reeves M.D.CAPT MC USNSlide2
Understand the roles, responsibilities, and stakeholders working in HA/DR contexts
Understand when the DoD engagesDescribe health-related humanitarian assistance and disaster response processes and activities for the DoD
Learning ObjectivesSlide3
Disaster Response (Relief)
A rapid response to a crisis by supplying non-lethal equipment/supplies, transport of humanitarian assistance-related resources, and unique services to address urgent and critical humanitarian needs.
Key TermsSlide4
Humanitarian Assistance
UN – “Assistance that seeks to save lives and alleviate suffering…in accordance with the basic humanitarian principles….”
DoD – “DoD personnel planning, overseeing, conducting and evaluating specific humanitarian projects and activities including assistance to host nation civilian authorities….”
Key TermsSlide5
Humanitarian principles
HumanityImpartialityNeutralityIndependence
Key TermsSlide6
Steady state activities
Steady state activities
Disaster CycleSlide7
Why does the DoD engage in HA/DR activities? Slide8
Benefits to:
Partner NationProvides needed assistance
Command and control
Physical resources available and quickly deployableSlide9
Benefits to:
USGBuilds partnerships
Force health protection
Image of the USG/US Military
Show of commitment to a Partner Nation
Within government mandates and the humanitarian imperative
Training opportunity
Consistent with American valuesSlide10
HA/DR boosts USG imageSlide11
Guidance
JP 3-29: Foreign Humanitarian Assistance
DODD 5100.46: Foreign Disaster Relief
DODI 3000.05: Stability Operations
DODI 6000.16: Health
Supp
or
t
to Stability Ops
DODI 2205.02: Humanitarian & Civic
Assistance
DODI 2000.30
Policy guidance: DoD GHE
Mission-specific guidance
International guidance: SPHERESlide12
Disaster Cycle - HA
Steady state activities
Steady state activitiesSlide13
HA Process
Strategic level –
CCMDsSlide14
HA Process
Authority: C
CMD
Planned/Executed by:
Service Components
Combined Joint Task Forces
Civil Affairs Units
Hospital Ships
Funding: OHDACA, HCASlide15
HA Activities
Steady state activities
Technical Assistance and Support
Advice & Selected Training
Assessments
Manpower
Equipment
Security Missions
Dislocated Civilian Support
Foreign Disaster ReliefSlide16
HA Activities
Security Missions
Direct medical care projects
Disease surveillance
Cooperative Threat Reduction
Health clinic construction
Disaster preparedness
Int’l Avian Influenza/Pandemic Influenza preparednessSlide17
Health and Medical Support
Coordinate actions to prevent/control disease outbreakEvacuate/temporarily hospitalize sick, wounded, and injuredDistribute suppliesAssist to reestablish health resources and institutions
HA ActivitiesSlide18
Medical Support to International Humanitarian
Assistance/Disaster Response
Medical Support to
Health Sector Reconstruction
Medical Support to
COIN/Health Sector Stabilization
Medical Mil-Mil Capacity Building
C
O
M
P
L
E
X
I
T
Y
Medical Security Cooperation
FREQUENCY
Military Health System Role in GHESlide19
HA Planning Framework
Identify the context for engagementDevelop an understanding of the situation
Identify opportunities to engage
Develop a concept for operations/execution
Develop a plan to monitor and evaluate the engagementSlide20
Disaster cycle - DR
Steady state activities
Steady state activitiesSlide21
Disaster Context
Disrupt health system
Increased demand
Disproportionate effect on vulnerable populations
Little confirmed information and a dynamic environment
Impeded access to health servicesSlide22
Disaster Epidemiology
EbolaSlide23
Disaster Epidemiology
Secondary effectsEnvironmental exposure after the event
Malnutrition after the event
Mental health consequences
Communicable disease outbreaks
Excess NCD mortalitySlide24
Definition: A person who flees across a border to avoid being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.
Refugees
Host government has responsibility for the refugees
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Support from other IOs and NGOs
Financial/Diplomatic support from governments essential
Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration (US State Department) is the USG lead for refugees.
Political consequences: Non-
refoulement
& AsylumSlide25
Definition: Someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders. Causes of displacement can include both natural disasters and conflict.
Internally Displaced Persons (IDP)
National government has responsibility for IDPs.
UNOCHA has international response coordination role, if the international community is invited to respond.
USAID/OFDA still in lead for the USG. Slide26
Moving from HA to DR:So a disaster happens – now what?Slide27
Foreign DR process
USG
Host Nation
US Ambassador in Capitol
USAID request to the DoD
USAID/OFDA
(Country & DC)
Request Assistance
Authorizes OFDA Response
HN asks or is willing to accept
Beyond HN capacity
In USG Interest
Disaster Declaration Cable
Senior Leader at Federal Level
Request Meets the
USG Criteria:Slide28
DR process
USG
Host Nation
US Ambassador in Capitol
USAID/OFDA
(Country & DC)
Request Assistance
Authorizes OFDA Response
HN asks or is willing to accept
Beyond HN capacity
In USG Interest
Disaster Declaration Cable
Declares a disaster
Request Meets the
USG Criteria:
USAID request to the DoDSlide29
DR process
USG
Host Nation
US Ambassador in Capitol
USAID/OFDA
(Country & DC)
Request Assistance
Authorizes OFDA Response
HN asks or is willing to accept
Beyond HN capacity
In USG Interest
Disaster Declaration Cable
Declares a disaster
May be phone call or meeting
No need for public or formal announcement
Request Meets the
USG Criteria:
USAID request to the DoDSlide30
DR process
USG
Host Nation
US Ambassador in Capitol
USAID/OFDA
(Country & DC)
Request Assistance
Authorizes OFDA Response
HN asks or is willing to accept
Beyond HN capacity
In USG Interest
Disaster Declaration Cable
Declares a disaster
Request Meets the
USG Criteria:
USAID request to the DoDSlide31
DR process
USG
Host Nation
US Ambassador in Capitol
USAID/OFDA
(Country & DC)
Request Assistance
Authorizes OFDA Response
HN asks or is willing to accept
Beyond HN capacity
In USG Interest
Disaster Declaration Cable
Declares a disaster
Request Meets the
USG Criteria:
USAID request to the DoDSlide32
Foreign DR process
USG
Host Nation
US Ambassador in Capitol
USAID/OFDA
(Country & DC)
Request Assistance
Authorizes OFDA Response
HN asks or is willing to accept
Beyond HN capacity
In USG Interest
Disaster Declaration Cable
Declares a disaster
Request Meets the
USG Criteria:
USAID request to the DoDSlide33
DR process
USG
Host Nation
US Ambassador in Capitol
USAID/OFDA
(Country & DC)
Request Assistance
Authorizes OFDA Response
HN asks or is willing to accept
Beyond HN capacity
In USG Interest
Disaster Declaration Cable
Declares a disaster
Request Meets the
USG Criteria:
USAID request to the DoDSlide34
DR process
USG
Host Nation
US Ambassador in Capitol
USAID/OFDA
(Country & DC)
Request Assistance
Authorizes OFDA Response
HN asks or is willing to accept
Beyond HN capacity
In USG Interest
Disaster Declaration Cable
Declares a disaster
Request Meets the
USG Criteria:
USAID request to the DoDSlide35Slide36
DR Process
USAID requests DoD assistance based on: Scope of disaster
US national interest
Host Nation desires and will accept DoD assistance
Verified requirements for DOD unique assets/capabilities (Oslo Guidelines)
DOD mission clearly defined
Force protection must be addressedSlide37
DR Activities
Common assistance requests include:Airlift, sealift
Direct patient care
Hospital support
Field hospital deployment
Evacuation of US civilians
Other health activity:
Force health protectionSlide38
“72-hour authority” / “Life & Limb”: Commanders’ authority to use assigned forces at or near a foreign disaster for up to 72-hours to save lives
Enables U.S. forces at or near the immediate vicinity to be employed in life-saving relief activitiesNot a free pass; support must meet legal criteria for immediate lifesaving assistanceHost nation and Chief of Mission concurrence required
Combatant Commander must follow-up ASAP, but NLT 72 hours, to obtain
SecDef
approval to continue providing assistance
SecDef
approval required to obtain OHDACA reimbursement
“72-hour” / “Life & Limb” authority does
NOT
include
non-urgent
life-saving efforts
DOD Policy: Expediting ResponsesSlide39
Oslo Guidelines
Limited use of MCDA Only as a “last resort,” in the absence of other available civilian alternative
Clearly limited in time and scale, with an exit strategy
Personnel supporting humanitarian activities should be distinguishable from security or peacekeeping forcesSlide40
Sphere Project
Humanitarian
NGOs and IRCRCM initiative
Three
components:
Handbook
of standards
Process
of collaboration
Commitment
to quality and accountabilitySlide41
Stakeholders
GovernmentsIOs
RC/RC
NGOs
Affected populationsSlide42
Coordination
Communicate, communicateReach out to other stakeholders
Respect humanitarian principles
Use/establish forum – CMOC, etc.