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War and the US Military War and the US Military

War and the US Military - PowerPoint Presentation

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War and the US Military - PPT Presentation

War and the US Military War will happen At the worst possible time In the worst possible place With the worst possible enemy YOUR job is to wage war better than the enemy ID: 773183

world war violence warfare war world warfare violence policy means enduring viewpoints basic themes military wage worst theory holy

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War and the US Military

War will happen… At the worst possible time In the worst possible place With the worst possible enemyYOUR job is to wage war… better than the enemy Reality of Warfare

Learn HOW we wage war in ALL of its forms—against ANY/ALL of our enemies “Being a warrior is not an AFSC…it’s a condition of the heart!!!” – Gen Jumper Professional Responsibility

The Nature of War Definitions and Basic Themes of War Viewpoints on WarCategories and Levels of WarFactors that Dominate War Evolution of WarfareOverview

Cognitive Samples of Behavior: 1. State the three enduring truths that describe the fundamental nature of war. 2. Define war according to Clausewitz. 3. Identify the basic themes of war. 4. Differentiate among the four viewpoints on war: Pacifism, Realism, Holy War, and Just War Theory. 5. List the three factors that dominate war. 6. Describe the evolution of warfare according to Alan Beyerchen’s taxonomy of four world wars. SOBs

War is… an instrument of policy, strategy, or culture. a complex and chaotic human endeavor.a clash of opposing wills. Enduring Truths of War

“War is nothing but a duel on an extensive scale… Each strives by physical force to compel the other to submit to his will… War therefore is an act of violence to compel our opponent to do our will. ” ~ Carl von Clausewitz Definition of War

War is an instrument of policy, strategy, or culture. Enduring Truth #1

Politics and violence are intertwined War is policy “…that fights battles instead of writing notes” War is the continuation of politics with the addition of other means Basic Themes of War

War is a last resort of policy We exhaust diplomatic efforts! When military engages, the political process doesn’t stop Bottom line: Success in war can only be measured by whether political objectives are achieved National Policy through War

Wage war in a civilized manner Law of Armed Conflict Geneva & Hague ConventionsRules of Engagement (ROEs) Leave the combat zone better than when we entered itFailure leads to unstable peace! Sir B.H. Liddel Hart Better State of Peace

Realism Holy War Pacifism Just War Theory (JWT) Viewpoints on War

Adolf Hitler Wars are clashes of power and interest Moral constraints should never be put above a nation’s self-interest Focuses on military necessity, where all methods can or should be used to achieve victory: Burning of Atlanta in Civil War Bombing civilian centers in WWII Realism

Wars aren’t merely human affairs: Divine instruments of judgment Authorized by God God responsible for outcome Cosmic battle between Good and Evil Holy War

Mahatma Gandhi “Returning violence for violence multiplies violence, adding deeper darkness to a night already devoid of stars.” ~ Martin Luther King, Jr. Opposes war as a means of settling disputes and advocates use of arbitration, surrender, or even migration Spectrum ranges: Avoidance of war at all costs War only as a last resort Pacifism

St. Thomas Aquinas Killing is morally unacceptable… Determine when war is morally justified and define actions that are permissible Focuses on: Protection of non-combatants Wage war by clearly defined rules Bottom line: Fight for a just cause and employ just means Just War Theory

Traditional Warfare : Force-on-force military operations using conventional capabilities. Irregular Warfare: Struggle for influence over relevant populations which favors indirect and asymmetric approaches Categories of War

Strategic Addresses the issues of WHY and WITH WHAT we will fight and WHY the enemy fights against us OperationalDetermines WHAT we will affect, with WHAT courses of action, in WHAT order, for WHAT duration, and with WHAT RESOURCES TacticalDeals with HOW we fightLevels of War

War is a complex and chaotic human endeavor Enduring Truth #2

Factors Dominating War Fog Friction Chance

Difficulty to see and understand what’s happening in battle Once a literal “fog” Now more figuratively:Too much happeningMisinformation Conflicting informationOverwhelmed with too much info Battle of Waterloo, June 1815 Fog

“Everything in war is very simple, but the simplest thing is difficult .” ~ Clausewitz Friction Murphy’s Law at its worst! Troops are lost Bombs miss their target Enemies don’t act as expected Friction is that which seems easy in war planning made difficult in reality!

Col Stauffenberg Assassination attempt on Hitler Sinking of USS Indianapolis Chance Plain dumb luck and fortune.

War is a clash of opposing wills Enduring Truth #3

Participants Motives ObjectivesScope of WarLevel of Violence Means UsedAsymmetry

World War I—The Chemists’ War World War II—The Physicists’ War World War III—The Information Researchers’ WarWorld War IV—The Social Scientists’ War Evolution of Warfare

World War I—The Chemists’ War Decisive factor: New applications of chemistry and chemical engineering Synthesis of gunpowder allowed war to continue long after natural supply of nitrates was exhausted Development of weapons like poison gas was necessitated by stalemate of trench warfare

World War II—The Physicists’ War Application of physics theories allowed for development of radar Physics allowed for advancements in wireless communications One major result—The atomic bomb!

World War III—The Information Researchers’ War Investment in developing more effective information gathering capabilities Exploitation of intelligence gathering systems played vital role US ability to exploit intelligence led to the winning of the Cold War

World War IV—The Social Scientists’ War Social sciences are becoming the difference makers Knowledge about other cultures will be vital to winning this warWinning the hearts and minds means winning the warThe focus must be on capturing the psycho-cultural high groundAllows us to access new “weapons of war” like understanding and empathy

Summary The Nature of War Definitions and Basic Themes of War Viewpoints on WarCategories and Levels of WarFactors that Dominate WarEvolution of Warfare