CORRUPTION AND POLITICAL SYSTEMS IN AFRICA-PRESIDENTIAL,PARLIAMENTARY - PowerPoint Presentation

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CORRUPTION AND POLITICAL SYSTEMS IN AFRICA-PRESIDENTIAL,PARLIAMENTARY AND MIXED PRESI/PARLS SYSTEMS

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Olasehinde Ishola Williams Maj-Gen. (

Rtd

)

PanAfrican

Strategic & Policy Research Group(PANAFSTRAG).

Lagos.

isholawilliams@gmail.com

,

panafstraginternational@gmail.com

Mobile: 08056210960

“IF MAJORITIES ARE SUPPOSED TO DECIDE IN A DEMOCRACY AS I SEE IT, RULERS MUST TEND TO LIVE LIKE THE MAJORITY OF THEIR PEOPLE NOT LIKE THE

MINORITY”

. (Jose

Mujica

Cordano

, Executive Presidient of Urguay (The Poorest President in the world)THERE IS NOTHING MORE DIFFICULT TO TAKE IN HAND, MORE PERILOUS TO CONDUCT, OR MORE UNCERTAIN IN ITS SUCCESS, THAN TO TAKE THE LEAD IN THE INTRODUCTION OF A NEW ORDER OF THINGS BECAUSE THE INNOVATOR HAS FOR ADVERSARIES ALL THOSE WHO HAVE DONE WELL UNDER THE OLD CONDITIONS AND LUKEWARM DEFENDERS IN THOSE WHO MAY DO WELL UNDER THE NEW. -Machiavelli, The Prince (From National Security For 21st Century By Charlie Edwards Demos.)

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TO BE HUMAN

3 DIMENSIONS

ECONOMIC

PSYCHOLOGICAL

SOCIETAL

(

existence as a person

)

Individual

Livelihood

Benefit

Emotion,

Greed and Fear

Belief and Faith

Self actualization

Self

Community

National

Culture

Health

Education

Protection

Self-control

Self-interest

Purpose of Government

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FREEDOM

FROM NEEDS AND FEAR

GOVERNMENT EXISTS TO PROVIDE

SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENTDeterCrime ViolenceTerrorismExternal Aggression Etc.CompelUse minimum to maximum force where deterrence fails Reassure the citizens of the State that the capacity is there to maintain rule of law, maintain safety, order and restore stability if and when necessary Provide materials needs- food shelter schoolhospital etc.Respect rights and responsibilities – civilsocial and economic duties to family, community and State

Enabling Environment for Markets

– Regulated market economy,

Ethical private sector driven and

Public-private sector in partnership with the people/communities

CHALLENGES

A. We are sick of an endemic of 3 AIDs-Acute Integrity Deficiency Syndrome

-Acute Intellectual Dependency Syndrome-Acute International Donor-Dependency Syndrome

B

. The synergy between Human Rights and Responsibilities.

-We have Rights(NHRC) but do the Security Agencies and citizens take their responsibilities seriously(NOA)?

-Any synergy between the two organisations?5

CRISES

1. Crises of LegitimacyAcceptability of Regime

Institutions and Systems working with competent and efficient human resources

2. Crises of Capacity:

Lack of STRATEGIC GUIDANCE FOR

Security(LACK OF DOCTRINE STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL) and Law and Order

Basic Functions of Government i.e. incubation of creative and innovative ideas for policy making, decision making , implementation and feedback3. Crises of Identity Whom does the State represent?`6

4. Crises of Purpose

Sharing of responsibilities between

The Executive(The Head),The Legislature(The limbs),The Judiciary(The Conscience),The Public Servants(The Soul) including Security Agencies, Professional Civil Service(The Heart),

of

a Caring State.

The Elites: in Public, Private and Non-Profit Sectors with deep sense of Ethics.

The Public sphere or realm which provides the space for citizens’ with sense of responsibility and equity empowered to engage and influence decision making in politics ,social and economic e.g.: choosing men and women of integrity, accountability, market relations and subordinate those relations to public interest. The public realm has two great enemies ‘connection’(nepotism and dynasty) and ‘market’ which allows for centralisation of power on one hand and privatising it on the other. Therefore public interest is losing ground to ‘connection’ and ‘money’.The Government and the Communities the space for Crisis/Conflict Management and Reconciliation by minimum politicisation and enhancing Traditional and Religious Rituals and Ceremonies for Reconciliation.The Executive, The National Assembly, the Security Agencies including the Anticorruption Agencies, the judiciary ,The Academia and the CSOs to CURE the 3 ENDEMICSTHE SECURITY AGENCIES, THE ACADEMIA AND THINK TANKS TO REVIEW POLICIES,GENERATE NEW STRATEGIES ETC7

Overcoming Challenges and Crises

Is the type of government: 1. Presidential System- Nigeria vs Benin

2. Parliamentary-Ethiopia vsMixed: South AfricaCommon Elements:

-Executive

-Parliament

-Judiciary

-Civil Service & Security Agencies-Public Service and Private Sector8

SYNERGIES

PolicyA prerequisite for political, economic and social stability built on Integrated Security and Development Systems. It is the making of national innovative policies capable of meeting the desires and demands of a society for its continuous well-being. Policies are supposed to be:

Immediate/Future-based course of action

Politically feasible

Economically viable

Administratively practical cum Capacity

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Cabals or Interest Groups e.g. Clerics and External Groups

ACTORS IN GOVERNANCE

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THE URBAN ELITE ORGANISED FOR POWER AND PROFIT HOLDS URBAN MIDDLE CLASS TO RANSOM THROUGH POLITICAL PATRONAGE AND CONTRACTS ETC

State/Local

Public/Civil Service, Social Services providers, Public and informal Private, CSOs and CBOs

Public/Civil Service /Decision Makers Political Parties,MediaProfessional bodiesIndustrialistsBusiness Groups NGOs and CBOsTHE URBAN MIDDLE CLASSUNINFORMEDUNINTERESTEDDISORGANISEDBUT NEEDED TO BRING ABOUT CHANGE The informal sectorTHE URBAN AND RURAL POOR SUFFERING AND

DISORGANISED

WORKING TOGETHER FOR EMPOWERMENT SPACE AND DECISION SHAPING WITH CSOs/CBOs/ NGOs

Middle Class that coalesce to work together leads:

To better life for all

To reducing corruption to the minimum

To be responsible citizens for change

To prevent crime and violence

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Why are Parliamentary Systems LESS PRONE to corruption, influence-peddling, and arm-twisting?

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Conclusion

MEASURES

PRESIDENTIAL

PARLIAMENTARY

Political Development

40%-50%

70%Economic Development50%-70%75%Human Development45%-60%50-75%13Adapted from ‘‘ Are Parliamentary Systems better?’’ by John Gerring (Political Scientist), Strom Thacker(International Relations) and Carola Moreno (Economist)

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In the Moments of crisis, the wise build bridges and the foolish build Dams- Nigerian Proverb.

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