Africa Prof Rudolph Zinn College of Law THE FOCUS OF THE PRESENTATION TOTAL NUMBER OF REPORTED CRIMES MURDER Homicide ROBBERY WITH AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL CRIME ID: 638637
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An
overview of serious and violent crime in South Africa
Prof. Rudolph Zinn
College of LawSlide2
THE FOCUS OF THE PRESENTATIONTOTAL NUMBER OF REPORTED CRIMESMURDER (Homicide)
ROBBERY WITH AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCESUNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF ‘RURAL CRIME’
(UNDER) REPORTING OF SELECTED RURAL CRIMESlide3
Total number of crimes reported to SAPS (20 categories)
3
Reported by public: -9.08% Slide4
THE PROBLEM WITH CRIME IN SOUTH AFRICA PLACED IN PERSPECTIVE
Very violent nature of some of the crime
Extreme violence or excessive force used (more than what is required to overcome
resistance during a robbery)
Contact crime or contact related crime is disproportianate; and
Represents about 40% of all serious crime reported to SAPS annually
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- VIOLENT CRIME IN SA IN COMPARISON- INTERNATIONAL ‘YARDSTICK’ NEEDED TO MAKE AN OBJECTIVE COMPARISON
Murder (Homicide) used for this purposeVictims of Crime Survey: Stats SA: 95% of murder are reported by community (little underreporting)
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MURDER (HOMICIDE) AS INTERNATIONAL YARDSTICKUnited Nations report : Global Study on Homicide (2013) covers 219 countries until 2012
Global homicide rate per 100 000 = 6.2Southern Africa and Central America as sub-regions have the highest rates in the world with more than four to five times the global rate
Murder rate in SA:
34 per 100 000
(15/16)
(five times global rate)
Robbery with aggravating circumstances rate in SA:
132,5
per
100 000
(15/16)CopyrightSlide7
United Nations office on drugs and crime report on Homicide Statistics (2013)* Ranking globally
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Murder ratios from 1994/95 to 2015/16(Per 100 000)
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ROBBERY WITH AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES
(BAROMETER OF VIOLENCE IN SA and/or LACK OF INTELLIGENCE LED POLICING?)Slide10
Robbery with Aggravating Circumstances (including hijacking, house and business robbery; CIT)
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+31%Slide11
Trio crimes reported to SAPSSlide12
Street robbery (national)
+ 32%Slide13
RURAL CRIME DISPLAY UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICSTHIS MUST INFORM INTELLIGENCE LED INTERVENTIONS BASED ON UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS PER GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
UNIQUE INTERVENTIONS REQUIRED PER AREA AND PER CRIME
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HOW DO WE KNOW CRIME DIFFERS PER GEOGRAPHICAL AREA (i.e. Urban vs Rural)?
VICTIMS OF CRIME SURVEY 2015/2016 (Published in 2017)CopyrightSlide15
IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF MURDER Crime Statistics Series Volume III; Exploration of selected contact crimes in South
Africa; In-depth analysis of Victims of Crime Survey data; 2011 – 2014/15. Publication date: 04 May
2016
Discusses
circumstances around
murder
,
which could have happened during
housebreaking [house robbery],
hijacking or
assault (including domestic violence, rape or in any other situation).
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Distribution of victims of murder by settlement type and the nature of weapons used, VOCS 2014/15
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Source of households’ knowledge about the perpetrator by settlement type, VOCS 2014/15
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Perceived age group of the murder perpetrators by settlement type, VOCS 2014/15
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Age group of the perpetrators of murder by their relationship to the victim(s), VOCS 2014/15
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Motive behind murder by age group of the perpetrator(s), VOCS 2014/15
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Alcohol/drugs as a motive behind murder by settlement type, VOCS 2014/15
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HOW ACCURATE ARE THESE NUMBERS?
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VICTIMS OF CRIME SURVEY: STATISTICS SA
REPORT RELEASED IN 201633 000 HOUSE HOLDS SURVEYEDUNDERREPORTING OF CRIME:Theft of crops: 82,7%Theft of livestock: 70,7%
Burglary:
46,6%
House Robbery: 34%
Murder: 5%
Based
on SAPS stats alone:
57
house robberies per day
(20 820)If combined with Stats SA: possibly 86 per day (31 545)
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South Africa is still burdened with an exceptional high crime rateSerious and Violent crime is on the increase
Real Intelligence Led policing required (per area per crime)Align SAPS intelligence unit with international best practices
Short
term prevention – “layers of security”
Be vigilant
Get involved in
CPF’s
and community initiatives
Make sure everything is done in accordance with the law
Prevent frustrated ‘vigilante’ reaction
Long term prevention
Address reasons why people get involve in crime (holistic approach
)
CONCLUSION
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COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Get involved in “out-reach programs” that will help to change attitudes and valuesFoundation for Safe South Africa (FSSA)
Youthzones
(
http://www.youthzones.co.za
)
44 sites
45 000 youth membersSlide26
Prof Rudolph ZinnProfessor of Policing and Forensic Investigation
College of Law, School of Criminal JusticeUniversity of South Africa (UNISA
)
E-mail: rzinn@unisa.ac.za
Tel: +27 (0)12 433 9417
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