PPT-Aristotle on justice Michael Lacewing

enquiriesalevelphilosophycouk Michael Lacewing Justice Justice the virtue is the disposition to act justly and desire justice the state of affairs Justice the virtue is defined in terms of just acts unlike other virtues. What do you know about Aristotle’s ideas concerning the . cause. of things?. Four causes?. Potentiality to actuality?. Aristotle. Plato. Potentiality & Actuality. There are two states of being:. 384 BC – 322 BC. Aristotle. . http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbgHbzrL3d0. Background- Who Was Aristotle? . Greek Philosopher . Studied under Plato at . The Academy. (thus, was ultimately influenced by Socrates as well). Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Eliminative materialism. Eliminative . materialism: the way we commonly think and talk about the mind is. fundamentally flawed. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. The good. ‘What is the good for human beings?’. . What . is it that we are aiming . at?. What. . would provide a successful, fulfilling, good life. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. God and time. God is self-. sufficient.. Therefore, God is dependent . on nothing else for . existence.. Therefore, nothing can end God’s existence.. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Stealing. Steal: . to take someone else’s property with no intention of returning it and without their permission (or without the legal right to do so. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. Hedonist act utilitarianism. Actions . are morally right or wrong depending on their consequences and nothing else. An act is right if it maximises what is good.. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. Cognitivism v. non-cognitivism. What are we doing when we. make moral judgments?. Cognitivism: moral judgments, e.g. ‘Murder is wrong’. Aim to describe how the world is. Argument. Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. Anselm’s argument. God is a being ‘greater . than which cannot be conceived. ’. If you could think of something that is greater than God, surely this something would . Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Deontology. Morality is a matter of duty.. Whether something is right or wrong doesn’t depend on its consequences. Actions are right or wrong in themselves.. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Metaethics. What is morality, philosophical speaking?. Can ethical claims be objectively true or false?. Are moral properties part of reality?. Cognitivism: moral judgments, e.g. ‘Murder is wrong’. Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing . Analytic and synthetic propositions. An analytic proposition is true or false in virtue of the meanings of the . words. Squares have four sides. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Substance and properties. A substance is an entity, a thing, that does not depend on another entity for its continued existence. . It has ‘ontological independence’. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Simulated killing. The dramatisation, i.e. enactment, . of killing within a fictional context, e.g. in video games, films and . plays. Playing the killer.