Mrs Burhenn What is a clause A clause is a group of words that contain BOTH a subject AND a verb There are two main types of clauses an independent clause and a dependent clause Independent Clauses ID: 161178
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Slide1
Clauses Vs. Phrases
Mrs. BurhennSlide2
What is a clause?
A clause is a group of words that contain BOTH a subject AND a verb.
There are two main types of clauses, an independent clause, and a dependent clause.Slide3
Independent Clauses
Independent clauses contain a subject AND a verb AND contain a complete thought.
Example: Jimmy ran.Slide4
Dependent Clauses
Dependent clauses contain BOTH a subject and a verb BUT NOT A COMPLETE THOUGHT. They are introduced with a subordinating conjunction such as: because, although, since, if, etc.
Example: Because Jimmy ran.Slide5
Types of Dependent Clauses
Noun
Adjective
AdverbSlide6
Noun Clauses
These clauses act like a noun.
They are introduced with:
what, where, why, how, where, when, who whom, which, whose, whether, that,
if.
Examples:
He
knows
that his business will be successful.
That there is a hole in the ozone layer of the earth’s atmosphere
is well known. Slide7
Adjective Clauses
These clauses act like adjectives.
They are introduced by:
who, whom, which, whose, that, where,
when.
Examples:
Men
who are not married
are called bachelors.
Last year we traveled to San Francisco,
which is famous for its architecture
. Slide8
Adverbial Clauses
These clauses act like adverbs.
There several types of adverbial clauses; they can describe time, place, cause, result, purpose, condition, or they can be a concession.Slide9
Adverbial (time)
Subordinators:
when, before, after, until, since, as soon as
Example:
When he won the money
, he decided to buy a car. Slide10
Adverbial (place)
Subordinators:
where, wherever
Example:
She drove
wherever she wanted
. Slide11
Adverbial (cause)
Subordinators:
because, as, since
Example:
She got a parking ticket
because she parked illegally. Slide12
Adverbial (result)
Subordinators:
so ... that, such ... that
Example:
He drove
so fast that he got a speeding ticket. Slide13
Adverbial (purpose)
Subordinators:
so that, in order that
Example:
He drove fast
so that he could get to work on time. Slide14
Adverbial (condition)
Subordinators:
if, unless
Example:
If she hadn’t won the lottery
, she would have been very unhappy. Slide15
Adverbial (concession)
Subordinators:
although, even though
Example:
Although she thought she was a good driver
, she got a lot of tickets for speeding Slide16
What is a phrase?
A phrase is a group of words that DOES NOT contain BOTH a subject and a verb.Slide17
Types of Phrases
Noun Phrases
Appositives
Gerunds
Infinitive
Participial
Absolute
PrepositionalSlide18
Noun Phrases
Noun phrases contain a noun and all of its modifiers.
There are three types of noun phrases:
Appositives
Gerunds
InfinitiveSlide19
Appositives
Appositives rename
or describes another
noun.
Example:
One of eleven brothers and sisters
, Harriet was a moody and willful child.
Bob,
my best friend
, works
here.
The boy looked at them,
big black ugly insects
.Slide20
Gerund Phrases
Gerund phrases are noun phrases with a gerund (-
ing
) at the beginning.
Example:
I love
baking cakes
.Slide21
Infinitive Phrases
Infinitive phrases use the infinitive form (to ____)
Example:
I love
to bake
cakes.
Infinitive phrases can also be used as adverbial or adjectival phrase.Slide22
Participial Phrases
Participial phrases have a participle (a verb acting as an adjective;
cascading
water,
broken
table, etc.)
Example:
Crushed to pieces by a sledgehammer
, the computer no longer
worked.Slide23
Absolute Phrases
Absolute phrases are ALMOST complete sentences. They contain a subject, but are missing a verb.
Example:
My cake finally baking in the oven
, I was free to rest for thirty
minutes.
She returned to her bench,
her face showing all the unhappiness that had suddenly overtaken her.
-
An American TragedySlide24
Prepositional Phrases
Prepositional phrases are phrases that contain a preposition at the beginning.
Example:
She sat
around the house
.
In the dark room
, she felt all her old fears return.Slide25
Your Turn!
Are these clauses or phrases
?
A boy and his dog.
Went to the store.
I had a soda.
The brown fox.
The brown fox and quick dog.
The boy laughed.
Someone stole my purse.
Stole
my purse.Slide26
More!!
When I go to the store.
Suzie plays with her dog everyday.
Jonathan runs three miles a day.
Although I can’t see him.
After I go to the doctor.
Since I got an A on the test.
How do I get to the store?
With he dog.
To the store.