DO NOW 11/17, 11/18 - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

DO NOW 11/17, 11/18

Turn in SENSATION and PERCEPTION reading guide to the inbox.

QUIZ

S

cantron

(bubbles AND NAME)

Pen

Testing Nook

Phone on wall (cannot pick-up until given the all clear)

Once done w/quiz return to front and answer questions in your notebook:

Why did you take AP Psych?

What brought you to school today?

What do you think of when you think about your future? Slide2

conduction hearing loss

hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea.

sensorineural

hearing loss

hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptors cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness.Slide3

Maslow handout

Motivation Playlist

Next class:

Fat Rat

Reading Guide and

Videos

CC: Let’s Talk about Sex

CC: The Power of Motivation Slide4

MOTIVATION: Theories and hunger Slide5

• Identify and apply basic motivational concepts to understand the behavior of humans and other animals (e.g., instincts, incentives, intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation).

•

Discuss the biological underpinnings of motivation, including needs, drives, and homeostasis.

•

Compare and contrast motivational theories (e.g., drive reduction theory, arousal theory, general adaptation theory), including the strengths and weaknesses of each.

•

Describe classic research findings in specific motivation systems (e.g., eating, sex, social)

• Discuss theories of stress and the effects of stress on psychological and physical well-being. • Compare and contrast major theories of emotion (e.g., James–Lange, Cannon– Bard, Schachter two-factor theory). •

Describe how cultural influences shape emotional expression, including variations in body language. • Identify key contributors in the psychology of motivation and emotion (e.g., William James, Alfred Kinsey, Abraham Maslow, Stanley

Schachter

, Hans

Selye

).Slide6

Motivation

A need or desire that energizes

&

directs behavior.

Instincts

:

Behavior patterned throughout a species

&

is UNLEARNED.

Early Motivation Theories

Motivation

can be

based on:Slide7

H

omeostasis

:

tendency of organisms to maintain

balance

When we are too cold, hypothalamus releases hormones that cause us to shiver

&

seek out warmth

(

put on clothing

).

When we have not had enough sleep, we are likewise pushed to slow down as we yawn

&

struggle to keep our eyes open.

Homeostasis helps us to return to

balance

state after we

deviate from our normal state.Slide8

COMPONENTS OF MOTIVATION

:

Motive

:

Stimulus

that

moves

person

toward

a behavior designed to achieve a specific goal.

Need

:

Lack

of

something

that one requires or

desires.Drive:

Force that

pushes a person to act.

Incentive

:

Force

that

pulls

person toward a particular behavior.

Slide9

Unconscious/conscious motivation

Having the desire to engage in an activity and

being aware of the desire

Having a desire to engage in an activity but being consciously

unaware of the desire

Conscious

Unconscious Slide10

Motivation includes the influences that account for the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of behavior

“why we do what we do”

Aaron

Ralston was motivated to cut his arm to free himself from a rock that pinned him down.

Aaron Ralston

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VK0GlKtrKV8

AP Photo/ Rocky Mountain News, Judy WalgrenSlide11

THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

INSTINCT THEORY

DRIVE-REDUCTION THEORY

AROUSAL THEORY

INCENTIVE THEORY

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS Slide12

Instinct

: innate, automatic disposition toward responding in a particular way when confronted with a specific

stimulus

All creatures born w/innate knowledge that allows them to survive

Birds builds nests, salmon spawn and do these items perfectly the 1

st

time…because behaviors are engrained in their genetic code

© Ariel Skelley/ Masterfile

Tony Brandenburg/ Bruce Coleman, Inc.

Tony Brandenburg/ Bruce Coleman, Inc.Slide13

Motivation arises from imbalances in

homeostasis!

Internally motivated

to reduce tension the need or drive creates

GOAL:HOMEOSTASIS

Need

(Ex: hunger, thirst, sex)

Drive

(Random activity)

Behavior

(Eat , Drink, Sex)

SatisfactionSlide14

Theories of motivation

Motivation produced by need for goal attainment.

Intrinsic- Internal need / reward

Extrinsic – External reward

Extrinsic

rewards

decrease

intrinsic interest in task

Incentive Theory

Overjustification

EffectSlide15

Achievement Motivation

What motivates us to work?

(School, job, sports, video games, relationships etc..)

Intrinsic Motivators

Rewards we get internally, such as enjoyment or satisfaction.

Extrinsic Motivators

Reward that we get for accomplishments from outside ourselves (grades or money or etc..)

Work great in the short run.Slide16

Theories of Motivation

Humans seek activities & situations that create desired levels of physiological arousal

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Optimal level of arousal helps

performance

Perform best when arousal is moderate

Optimal Arousal Theory

We

generally try to increase arousal when too low (bored) or decrease arousal when too high (stressed)Slide17

lower needs must be met 1

st

needs not have to be fulfilled 100% to move up to next level…the average American 85% level 1, 70% level 2, 50% level 3, 40% level 4, 10% level 5

theory a bit arbitrary – the order is not universally fixed, as there will always be exceptions

Esteem needs

achievement, status, responsibility, reputation

Self-actualization

personal growth and fulfilment

Belongingness and Love needs

family, affection, relationships, work group, etc.

Safety needs

protection, security, order, law, limits, stability, etc.

Biological and Physiological needs

basic life needs - air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc.