Feb 211 2015 Perfect Passive Participles Passive Voice Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Tenses Perfect Passive Participles aka Party ciples A PARTICIPLE is a form of a verb that is used as an adjective ID: 344525
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Lesson 33Feb. 2-11, 2015
Perfect Passive Participles
Passive Voice: Perfect, Pluperfect and Future Perfect TensesSlide2
Perfect Passive Participles(aka, “Party-
ciples
!!!”)
A PARTICIPLE is a form of a verb that is used as an adjective. The past participle in English usually ends in –ed:e.g.: carried, belovedWith other verbs, it is irregular:e.g.: shown, eaten, seen, heard.Slide3
Perfect Passive Participles
Like adjectives, participles modify nouns.
The baby,
CARRIED by its mother, stopped crying.“carried” modifies “baby”The sheets, EATEN by moths, were no longer useful.“eaten” modifies “sheets”SEEN cheating by her boyfriend, the girl decided now was as good a time as any to break up.
“seen” modifies “girl”Slide4
Perfect Passive Participles
In Latin, the PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE is the 4
th
PRINCIPAL PART of the verb. It generally ends in –tus or –susSlide5
All About Verbs
Each verb has 4 principal parts
First Person Singular
Present Active
“I carry”
Present
Active
Infinitive
“to carry”
porto
portare
portavi
portatus
First Person
Singular
Perfect Active
“I carried”
Perfect Passive
Participle
“having been carried”
or “carried”Slide6
Perfect Passive Participles
Mitto
,
mittere, misi, MISSUSMISSUS: “sent” or “having been sent”
These words decline in 1
st
/2
nd
declensions just like any other –us, -a, -um adjective. (but only the –us ending is listed in your vocabulary)Slide7
Participles
Examples:
cibus
portatus:“the carried food”litterae missae:“the sent letter”Slide8
Participles and Passive Voice Verbs
The perfect passive participle (part 4 of the verb’s principal parts) is used to make PASSIVE VOICE of the
perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses.
Perfect passive tenses are unique in that they use 2 words: a participle and a form of sum.Remember that the participle is an adjective, so we’re going to have to tweak its ending a little bit as we conjugate from singular to plural and from gender to gender.Slide9
Perfect Passive Tense
Take the perfect passive participle of a verb.
Add the present tense of “sum” as a helping verb.
Yes, you’re using the PRESENT tense of sum to form a PAST tense verb.
Be careful not to translate “sum” as present tense when it’s partnered up with a participle. You’ll see why on the next page….Slide10
Singular
Plural
1
st
person
Amatus
sum
I was/have been loved
Amati
sumus
We were/have been loved
2
nd
person
Amatus
es
You were/have been loved
Amati
estis
Y’all were/have been loved
3
rd
person
Remember that adjectives have –us, -a, -um.
-us: masculine, “he”
-a: feminine, “she”
-um, neuter, “it”
Amat
us
est
He
was/has been loved
amat
a
est
:
she
was/has been loved
amat
um
est
:
it
was/has been loved
Amat
i
sunt
They
were/have been loved
amat
ae
sunt
:
they
were/have been loved
amat
a
sunt
:
they
were/have been lovedSlide11
Participle Endings Agree in Case, Number, and Gender With the Subject
Puell
a
amata est.The girl was loved.Puellae amatae sunt.The girls were loved.Slide12
Participle Endings Agree in Case, Number, and Gender With the Subject
Equ
us
amatus est.The horse was loved.Equi amati sunt.The horses were loved.Slide13
Participle Endings Agree in Case, Number, and Gender With the Subject
Templ
um
amatum est.The temple was loved.Templa amata sunt.The temples were loved.Slide14
duco, ducere, duxi, ductus---lead
Singular Plural
1
st ductus ducti2nd ductus ducti
3
rd
ductus
ducti
sum
es
est
sumus
estis
suntSlide15
Singular
Plural
1
st
person
Amatus
eram
I had been loved
Amati
eramus
We had been loved
2
nd
person
Amatus
eras
You had been loved
Amati
eratis
Y’all had been loved
3
rd
person
Amatus
erat
He had been loved
Amati
erant
They had been loved
Pluperfect Passive: The Same Pattern!
Just use “
eram
” as your helping verb.
amo
,
amare
,
amavi
,
amatus
: loveSlide16
duco, ducere, duxi, ductus---lead
Singular Plural
1
st ductus ducti2nd ductus ducti
3
rd
ductus
ducti
eram
eras
erat
eramus
eratis
erantSlide17
Singular
Plural
1
st
person
Amatus
ero
I will have been loved
Amati
erimus
We will have been loved
2
nd
person
Amatus
eris
You will have been loved
Amati
eritis
Y’all will have been loved
3
rd
person
Amatus
erit
He will have been loved
Amati
erunt
They will have been loved
Future Perfect Passive: The Same Pattern
AGAIN!
Just use “
ero
” as your helping verb (future of sum)
amo
,
amare
,
amavi
,
amatus
: loveSlide18
duco, ducere, duxi, ductus---lead
Singular Plural
1
st ductus ducti2nd ductus ducti
3
rd
ductus
ducti
ero
eris
erit
erimus
eritis
eruntSlide19
Workbook page 121(watch out for genders and plurals!)
missa
est a. He will be sentmissa erunt b. it will have been sent3. missum est c. They had been sentmittetur
d. She has been sent
missae
sunt
e. They were being sent
mittebantur
f. They will have been sent
missus
est
g. They are sent
mittuntur
h. They have been sentmissi
erant i. It was sent missum erit j. He has been sentSlide20
Workbook page 121 Exercise “E”
Translate the 5 sentences in exercise “E” about pirates in the Roman world.
Arrrrrgh
!Pay special attention to the passive voice verbs, especially your new perfect/pluperfect/future perfect passive tenses. (Whew! That’s a mouthful…!)