COURSE DESCRIPTION This course is designed to introduce students to the fundamentals of commercial photography in relation to seeing photographically operating cameras use of light image capture and processing digital images Students will also learn the history of photography legal and ethi ID: 757159
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PHOTOGRAPHY 101identify & use different types of cameras & lenses
COURSE DESCRIPTION This course is designed to introduce students to the fundamentals of commercial photography in relation to seeing photographically, operating cameras, use of light, image capture, and processing digital images. Students will also learn the history of photography, legal and ethical issues related to the industry. Career exploration is also a part of this course.
CVH - MS. COPELANDSlide2
ObjectiveIDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Slide3
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0 IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES
Performance Standard 3.1: Demonstrate Competence in Using Various Types of Cameras DIGITAL CAMERAS
REFERENCE: The Beginner’s Photography Guide pg.14Slide4
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.1: Demonstrate Competence in Using Various Types of Cameras
HOLDING YOUR CAMERA
Slide5
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.1: Demonstrate Competence in Using Various Types of Cameras STABILIZATION
Slide6
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.1: Demonstrate Competence in Using Various Types of Cameras STABILIZATION
Slide7
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application
For this course, we’ll be using DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex) cameras.
The Parts
- A basic overview:
Different lenses can provide many different features, so it's important to know the differences between them. Slide8
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES
Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application The Parts - Lens Types:
Certain types of lenses are better for certain situations, so it's important to know their classifications and differences. The first thing worth noting is the difference between
zoom lenses
and
prime lenses
.
Zoom lenses -
Lets you zoom in and out (vary focal length – the distance between the center of the lens and its focal point or subject). While they have that advantage, they're generally more expensive, heavier, and larger than prime lenses. Slide9
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES
Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application Zoom Lens Slide10
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES
Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application Prime lenses - A lens of fixed focal length. Does not allow you to zoom, but are often cheaper, lighter, and smaller than zoom lenses.
In many cases, prime lenses will provide sharper images than zoom lenses at lower price points. A 50mm prime lens is often the cheapest lens you can buy with a level of quality that rivals zoom lenses priced at several hundred dollars more. Slide11
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES
Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application Prime LensSlide12
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application
The Parts
-
Lens Types:
The next thing you want to understand is the difference between
wide-angle, fisheye, standard, medium, telephoto, and ultra telephoto lenses. These terms are all based on a lens' focal length which
is measured in millimeters (mm). You can think of it like the amount of magnification. A low number is like being zoomed really far out, and a high number really far in. Slide13
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application
The Parts
-
Lens Types:
Here's what you need to know about each type:
Wide-Angle
Wide-angle lenses
are essentially any lens with a focal length of
up to 35mm
. The wider the lens (and lower the focal length), the more the lens can see. A
regular wide-angle lens
is generally around
14-28mm
. Slide14
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application
Wide-Angle Slide15
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application
The Parts
-
Lens Types:
Here's what you need to know about each type:
Fisheye lenses
are extremely wide and often have a rating of around
8-10mm
.
Wide angle lenses capture more stuff in the frame. They also distort space, increase depth and making pictures look more spherical. This can be both a wanted and unwanted effect, depending on the circumstances. Some wide-angle lenses include technology that corrects this distortion, but those lenses are almost always significantly more expensive.Slide16
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application
Fish EyeSlide17
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application
The Parts
-
Lens Types:
Here's what you need to know about each type:
Standard
Standard lenses
are
generally between 35-50mm
and tend to most closely represent space the way the human eye sees it. Standard lenses produce images that look realistic to most people. They are the middle ground between wide-angle and telephoto lenses but are often useless when you're in a small space and need to go wide or are far away from your subject and need the magnification power of a telephoto. Slide18
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application
Standard Slide19
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application
The Parts
-
Lens Types:
Here's what you need to know about each type:
Medium
Medium lenses generally
fall into the range of
60 - 100mm
and are generally not a type you'll want as a prime unless you have a specific purpose in mind (some prefer 60mm and 85mm prime lenses for portraits, for example). This range is often encompassed by zoom lenses, and that's generally where you'll want it. Many standard zoom lenses start as wide as 28mm and end up at 70mm, at least. A good standard zoom will encompass this range.Slide20
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application
MediumSlide21
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application
The Parts
-
Lens Types:
Here's what you need to know about each type:
Telephoto
Telephoto lenses
flatten space and are what you want for zooming in really far. Pretty much
anything over 100mm
is considered a telephoto lens.
Ultra Telephoto
Anything over 400mm
is considered an
ultra telephoto lens.
While
telephoto lenses can magnify an image many times over, and are necessary when you can't get close to your subject, both Telephoto and Ultra Telephoto lenses are heavy, are more subject to motion blur (as a result of camera movement), and do not perform as well in low light. You will find some options that are compact, come with image stabilization (to prevent motion blur), and offer wider apertures (to perform better in low light), but all of these features increase their cost significantly.Slide22
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application
Telephoto
Ultra TelephotoSlide23
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application
LENS
FOCAL LENGTH
CHARACTERISTICS / USAGE
ZOOM
18-55mm
Adjustable focal length
PRIME
50 mm (Fixed Focal Length)
Creates shaper images than Zoom lenses
ULTRA-WIDE ANGLE
14-21mm
Provide a dramatic / extreme perspective
WIDE-ANGLE
Up to 35mm
Covers large areas / Creates spherical images
REGULAR WIDE-ANGLE
14-28mm
Slightly exaggerated perspective
FISHEYE
8-10mm
Creates concave images
STANDARD
35-50mm
Images are the most realistic
PORTRAIT
85mm
Flattened perspective / portraits
MEDIUM
60-100mm
Action / Sports, captures faraway objects
TELEPHOTO
100mm+
More subject to blur; not good in low light
ULTRA TELEPHOTO
400mm+
More subject to blur; not good in low light
SUPER TELEPHOTO
200-500mm
Specialized lenses; sports, action, wildlifeSlide24
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application
For this course, we’ll be using DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex) cameras.
The Parts
- Your camera is made up of many parts other than the lens, but there are a few in particular that are the most important. Here's a basic overview :
The body is the housing for your camera. While it has little
effect on the quality of your photos, it does affect things like ease of use and comfort.Slide25
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSESSlide26
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0 IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND
LENSESSlide27
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application
The Parts
–
The Sensor:
The sensor
is exposed to light that comes through the lens and it records that exposure.
The exposure
is then processed and saved to flash memory (generally an SD or Compact Flash card). The caliber and size of the sensor are also very important, as these things significantly impact the quality of your photos.
Larger sensors tend to provide better low-light performance, greater control over depth of field, and produce higher resolution images with less noise than a smaller sensor.
In general, the more megapixels packed into a sensor the more noise you'll find in a given image. This is why you don't necessarily want to choose a camera with a high megapixel rating—especially when a camera has a smaller sensor.
For most people, even a 6.3 megapixel camera is sufficient, but anywhere from 8-10 should be more than sufficient.Slide28
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application
The Parts
- A basic overview:
The flash card is where you save your images.
Flash cards range in read and write speeds and slow cards can significantly degrade your camera's performance. Most cameras are very fast. You can take many images in rapid succession, but if your card has a slow write speed it can't keep up.
For SD cards you'll be best served by a Class 6 card. For
CompactFlash
(CF), a card rated at 133x should do just fine.
If your
video
capable DSLR uses
SD cards
you'll probably want a
Class 10
(faster than Class 6). A
max write
speed of
15mb per second
should be enough.
CompactFlash
cards are often used in higher-end DSLRs because they're capable of faster speeds at a lower cost (mainly because they're physically larger and that's easier to achieve thanks to their size). A
CompactFlash
card rated 233x or higher
should handle video in most any DSLR just fine, but faster cards will definitely make things run more smoothly.Slide29
CONTENT STANDARD 3.0
IDENTIFY AND USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAMERAS AND LENSES Performance Standard 3.2: Demonstrate Use of Various Lenses and Their Application
The Parts
–
The Battery
:
The battery matters in a camera just like any other electronic
device. DSLRs do not require the use of the LCD screen and you'll generally take pictures through the viewfinder. The battery will last much longer when the LCD screen is not powered, so companies will often provide two ratings for the battery life: one in the number of photos you can take and one in the number of hours the battery will last. The number of hours generally refers to the amount of time the camera can be actively functioning with the LCD screen turned on and the number of photos is simply how many pictures you can expect to take without the aid of the LCD screen. When judging battery life for a particular camera, be sure you know if you plan to use it more with the LCD screen on or off first.
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REFERENCESPhotography Curriculum Framework. Nevada 2013Dachis
, Adam. 2016. “The Basics of Photography.” http://lifehacker.com/5815742/basics-of-photography-the-complete-guide. N. p. 6/27/2011. Web. 6/22/2016.Gatcum, Chris. “The Beginner’s Photography Guide.” 2nd ed. New York: DK Publishing / Penguin Random House 2013. Print.Messamore
, Kent. 2013. “Legal & Ethical Issues for Photographers.”
http://www.kmessamore.com/kr-training/Legal%20&%20Ethical%20Issues.pdf
.
N. p. 9/8/2031. Web. 6/24/2016.