Organizer 1 Types of Poetry Lyric Expresses Feelings songs etc Elegy poem about death or loss Ode dedication poem Sonnet 14 line poem often about love Haiku Japanese style poem three lines 575 syllables typically about nature ID: 718898
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Slide1
Poetic Foundations
Use with 3 Graphic OrganizersSlide2
Organizer 1: Types of Poetry
Lyric
: Expresses Feelings (songs, etc.)
Elegy – poem about death or loss
Ode – dedication poem
Sonnet – 14 line poem, often about love
Haiku – Japanese style poem, three lines (5-7-5 syllables), typically about nature
An old silent pond
... (5)
A frog jumps into the pond
, (7)
splash! Silence again
. (5)Slide3
Types of Poetry
Narrative
– tells a story
Ballad – plot-driven song-like poem with characters and conflict
Epic – Long narrative poem recounting the adventures of a heroSlide4
Lines and Stanzas
Lines of poetry:
As opposed to sentences in prose
A group of words arranged in a row
Read lines of poetry like a paragraph on the first reading: look for punctuation. If you don’t see punctuation, keep going
Two types of lines:
Run-on lines (this is known as enjambment)
The meaning doesn’t end with the line
End-stopped line (punctuation at the end)Slide5
Examples of Lines
End Stopped Lines:
A
little learning is a dangerous
thing;
Drink
deep, or taste not the
Pierian
spring.
There
shallow draughts intoxicate the
brain,
And
drinking largely sobers us
again.
An
Essay
on Criticism
by Alexander Pope
)
Run on Lines / Enjambment:
It
is a beauteous Evening, calm and free;
The
holy time is quiet as a Nun
Breathless
with adoration; the broad sun
Is
sinking down in its tranquility
;
It
is a Beauteous Evening
by William
Wordsworth
Slide6
Stanzas
Groups of lines in poetry (versus paragraphs in prose)
Various types of stanzas:
2 line stanza:
Couplet
3 line stanza:
Tercet
4 line stanza:
Quatrain
5 line stanza:
CinquainSlide7
Stanza Examples
Couplet:
"
Blessed are you whose worthiness gives
scope
Being
had, to triumph; being lacked, to hope
.“
Tercet
:
“An
old silent pond...
A frog jumps into the pond,
splash! Silence again
.”
Quatrain:
“
Tyger
,
tyger
, burning bright
In the forests of the night,
What immortal hand or eye
Could frame thy fearful symmetry
?”Slide8
Organizer 2: How Poets Achieve Effect
Effect Through Rhythm
:
Meter
– the rhythm established in a poem / the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables
Foot
– basic unit of measurement in a poem (either 2 or three syllables – isn’t measured in words)
Perfect
Rhyme
– identical rhyming words (Skylight and highlight / bean and green)
Internal
Rhyme
– rhyming within the line
End Rhyme
– rhyming at the end of the
line
Rhyme Scheme
– the rhythmic pattern based on the last word in each line
Iamb –
a type of metric foot; 2 syllables – the first is unstressed /the second is stressed
Iambic Pentameter
- 5 iambic feet
Blank Verse
– unrhymed iambic pentameter
Free Verse (Open Form)
– no set rhythmSlide9
Examples of Rhythmic Devices
Examples of iambic feet:
Be
cause
A
mouse
Re
vealed
It
self
To
fly
Now here’s the whole line (it’s iambic pentameter):
(Be
cause
) (a
mouse
) (re
vealed
) (it
self
) (to
fly
).
Here’s another example (scan it):
“One day I wrote her name upon the sand.”Slide10
Poetic Feet
adapted from Purdue Owl
There
are two parts to the term
iambic pentameter
. The first part refers to the type
of
poetic
foot
being used predominantly in the line. A poetic foot is a basic repeated sequence of meter composed of two or more accented or unaccented syllables. In the case of an
iambic foot
, the sequence is "unaccented, accented". There are other types of poetic feet commonly found in English language poetry
.
The primary feet are referred to using these terms (an example word from
Fussell's
examples is given next to them
):
Iambic:
destroy (unaccented/accented
)
Anapestic:
intervene (unaccented/unaccented/accented
)
Trochaic:
topsy
(accented/unaccented
)
Dactylic:
merrily (accented/unaccented/unaccented)Slide11
More Rhythmic Examples
Rhyme scheme:Slide12
And yet more R
hythmic Examples
Blank verse
from
Romeo and Juliet
: (this is unrhymed iambic pentameter – used to mimic natural speech or push the boundaries of conventions and form)
“I thank you, honest gentlemen. Good night
More torches here! Come on then, let’s to bed.”
Rhyming couplets
in Shakespeare are used in more formal situations:
“Saints do not move, though grant for prayer’s sake.
Then move not while my prayer’s effect I take.”Slide13
Free Verse / Open Form
Fog
by Carl
Sandburg
The
fog comes
on little cat feet.
It
sits
looking
over
harbor and city
on silent haunches
and then moves on.Slide14
How Poets Achieve Effect Through Sound Devices
Onomatopoeia
: A word that mimics its sound:
splash, boom, crash, swish, whoosh
Alliteration
: Repetition of consonant sounds:
Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers
Consonance
: Repetition of sounds within words:
"
all
m
a
mm
als na
m
ed Sa
m
are
cla
mm
y”
Slant Rhyme/ Near Rhyme
: Words that almost rhyme:
"
Rap
rejects
my tape deck,
ejects
pro
jectile
/Whether
Je
w or
gentile
I rank top per
centile
.“ – The
Fugees
Assonance
: Repetition of vowel sounds:
Aunt Annie ate eight applesSlide15
How Poets Achieve Effect Through Figurative Devices
Hyperbole
– exaggeration for effect
Understatement
– the presentation of something as being less than it is
Simile
– indirect comparison using like or as
Metaphor
– direct comparison without like or as
Imagery
– descriptive details that create a mental picture (appeals to the senses)
Personification
– giving human qualities to nonhuman things
Oxymoron
– contradictory phrase (
ground pilot
,
the living dead
)
Paradox
– a statement or concept that appears to be contradictory, but might real a deeper truth:
The paradox that standing is more tiring than walkingSlide16
Organizer 3: How to Understand Poetry
Enjambment is KEY – the running on of lines
Determine what the poet is treating
literally
and what is being treated
figuratively.
Ask “What is the subject?”
Possible subjects
: love, children, nature, war, peace, justice, culture, racism, sports, social issues Slide17
Tone and Mood
Ask “What is the
speaker’s
tone?” How does the speaker feel about the subject?
Tone Words
: detached, cynical, optimistic, playful, dreamy, confident, inflammatory, critical
What is the overall mood or ATMOSPHERE of the poem?
Mood words
: energetic, nightmarish, melancholy, dignified, foreboding, sentimental, suspenseful
Are there SHIFTS in tone and/or mood between stanzas?Slide18
Read it SEVERAL times
1
st
= Get an overview
What’s the general subject?
What’s the tone?
2
nd
= Read for meaning
What is figurative and what is literal?
3
rd
= Read for deep meaning
How does the poet feel about the subject? Why does she choose specific figurative devices? What do symbols stand for?Slide19
What to look for
Subject
Tone
Mood
Run-on lines/ end-stopped lines
Stanzas
Imagery
Figurative Devices
Rhythm
Sound Devices
Shifts