Standard and Objective - PowerPoint Presentation

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Standard and Objective

SSHS-S1C8-01-dStrand 1: American HistoryConcept 8: Great Depression and World War IIPO 2. Describe the impact of American involvement in World War II:d. Japanese, German, and Italian internments and POW camps

Students will analyze the major aspects of the American homefront by comparing and contrasting WWI and WWII America.Slide2

Wartime AmericaSlide3

Building the Military

In 1940 Congress approved the first peacetime draft in American historyMore than 60,000 men enlisted in the month after the attack on Pearl HarborThe military didn’t have enough facilities to process the high number of recruitsThe Department of Agriculture transferred 350,000 acres to the War DepartmentThere weren’t the supplies necessary so men trained with sticks as guns and trucks labeled “TANK” Slide4

Segregation of the Military

Segregated units stillAfrican Americans pushed for the “Double V” -victory against Hitler and victory against racismThe Tuskegee Airmen -First African American air force unitThe 332nd Fighter Group escorted American bombers as they flew to their targetsThese squadrons flew 200 such missions without losing a single memberSlide5

Japanese Americans in the Military

Japanese Americans weren’t allowed to serve at first When they were allowed they made up the 100th Infantry Battalion and the 442nd Regimental Combat TeamAlmost half had been in internment camps These units became the most decorated in U.S. military history Slide6

Hispanic Americans in the Military

About 500,000 Hispanic Americans served in the militaryThey faced a lot of racial hostility17 Hispanic Americans had received the Congressional Medal of HonorSlide7

Native Americans in the Military

⅓ of all able bodied Native American men age 18-50 served in the militaryMore than any other group 400 Navajo marines served as “code-talkers”More on that laterSlide8

Women in the Military

Women enlistment expanded to the army and eventually the air force68,000 women serves as nursesIn May 1942 the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC)Many women were unhappy that WAAC was not part of the regular armyThe Women’s Army Corps (WAC) replaced WAAC300 women served in the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) Made more than 12,000 flights to deliver planes to the war effortSlide9
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Economy Boost

Automobile plants began making trucks, jeeps, and tanksHenry Ford created an assembly line for the enormous B-24 “Liberator” bomberHenry Kaiser’s shipyards went into overdriveAt first it took 224 days to make one Liberty ship but it was quickly reduced to a ship every 41 daysSlide11

The Home Front Workforce

Married women were discouraged from working but during WWII there was such a demand for labor that companies grudgingly hired themSame went with minorities Rosie the Riveter became an incredibly popular recruitment posterSlide12

Zoot Suit Riot

A lot of young Mexican Americans prefered to wear zoot suits -baggy suits made out of woolSeen as a waste of resourcesLed to bloody brawls in the streetsAbout 2,500 soldiers and sailors attacked Mexican Americans and stripped them of their suits. Slide13

The Bracero ProgramThe economic and social upheaval stemming from both the Great Depression and World War II forced the United States to seek out a source of inexpensive

laborA treaty was signed in 1942 between the United States and Mexico to alleviate the shortage of labor. The recruitment and processing of an available pool of laborers from Mexico created what is called the bracero program.Bracero is a Spanish term which can be defined loosely as “one who works with his arms”, or as a close equivalent, as a field hand.http://braceroarchive.org/teachingSlide14

Harsh ConditionsBetween 1942 and 1964, the year the program ended, it was estimated that approximately 4.6 million Mexican nationals came to work in the U.S. as braceros

.April 29, 1943 – the Mexican Labor Agreement is sanctioned by Congress though Public Law 45Many laborers faced an array of injustices and abuses, including substandard housing, discrimination, and unfulfilled contracts or being cheated out of wages.Slide15

Short Handed HoeSlide16

Japanese Internment Camps

Shortly after Pearl Harbor, FDR issued Executive Order 9066This required all Japanese to relocate away from the West Coast10 Internment Camps were set up in several states including ArizonaAll Japanese, even citizens, were sent to these campsThey had to leave farms, businesses and homes behind and when they were released, they weren’t able to get much of it back Slide17

Life in the Camps

Children who had been born in the U.S. were alone seen as citizens so they had higher standing and positions of power over their parents120,000 Japanese lived in the camps while they were openSlide18
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Gila River Camp The Gila River Tribe did not want the War Relocation Authority to build on their land. According to records, tribal councils opposed the measure because they did not want to inflict the same injustices Native Americans had faced onto Japanese Americans

.Their stances were overruled by the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the ArmyEleanor Roosevelt visited the Gila River Camphttp://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/chandler/2017/01/30/5-things-know-arizonas-world-war-ii-internment-camps/96965004/Slide21

The “Great” Camp Papago Park Escape

POW camp in Phoenix Arizona25 German prisoners created an intricate escape planFatal Flaw: They thought the Salt River, and Gila River actually had waterThey were going to sail their way to Mexico and freedomCouldn’t go anywhere with the raft they had built and were recaptured or surrendered