PDF-Carbonyl condensation reactions

A small amount of base is used to generate a small amount of enolate in the presence of unreacted carbonyl Reaction of an ester having an hydrogen with 1 Occurs with a variety of. Aldehydes and ketones. Carbonyl Compounds. Contain the carbonyl group . C=O. . Aldehydes: . R may be hydrogen, usually a carbon containing group. Ketones: . R contains carbon. Short. forms. Structures of Aldehydes . Lecture 6. CARBONYL COMPOUNDS: . NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION REACTION. ALDEHYDE. KETON. ESTHER. CARBOXILIC ACID. CARBONYL COMPOUNDS. CARBONYL COMPOUNDS. Formalin . Ibuprofen . Aspirin. Asam cuka. Asam semut. 18-4. Alkylation of enolates can be difficult to control.. The alkylation of an aldehyde or ketone enolate is an example of a nucleophilic substitution reaction.. The alkylation of aldehydes and ketones is complicated by several unwanted side reactions.. 1. Chapter 19. Condensation and Conjugate Addition Reactions of Carbonyl . Compounds. More Chemistry of Enolates. Ch. . 19 . - . 2. About The Authors. . These PowerPoint Lecture Slides were created and prepared by Professor William Tam and his wife, Dr. Phillis Chang. . 8-4. Methanol is commercially synthesized from . synthesis gas. , a mixture of CO and H. 2. :. A change of catalyst leads to the production of 1,2-ethanediol:. Ethanol can be prepared by the fermentation of sugars or the hydration of ethene:. Formations and linkages. What are polymers?. Alkene. molecules have the ability to add onto one another and produce large molecules these are polymers. . Therefore what are monomers?. The process of these large molecules forming is termed addition polymerisation.. Plastics, Fibers and Foods. Polymerization. The formation of very large molecules from a number of smaller, REPEATING hydrocarbon molecules. Smaller MONOMERS are chained together by addition reactions or condensation. Substitution and Elimination at C(sp. 3. )-X . σ. bonds. Addition of . Nuclephiles. to Electrophilic . π. bonds. Substitution . at . C(sp. 2. )-. X . σ. . bonds. Base-promoted Rearrangements. Chapter . Grace College. Chapter . 22. Lecture. Organic Chemistry. , . 9. th. Edition. L. G. Wade, Jr.. Condensations and Alpha Substitutions of Carbonyl Compounds. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.. Alpha Substitution. Types of Reactions. Types of Reactions. There are . 9. . main types of reactions we will examine:. Combustion. Substitution. Addition. Halogenation. , . Hydrogenation, . Hydrohalogenation. , Hydration. Preparation of . Benzalacetophenon. (. Chalcones. ). 2. Are(. enone. ) or α, β unsaturated aromatic ketones containing the reactive keto ethylene group –CO– CH=CH-. Many of the chalcones are highly biological active which have medicinal and pharmaceutical applications. Substitution and Elimination at C(sp. 3. )-X . σ. bonds. Addition of . Nuclephiles. to Electrophilic . π. bonds. Substitution . at . C(sp. 2. )-. X . σ. . bonds. Base-promoted Rearrangements. Chapter . Carbonyl Compounds. Contain the carbonyl group . C=O. . Aldehydes: . R may be hydrogen, usually a carbon containing group. Ketones: . R contains carbon. Short. forms. Structures of Aldehydes . and Ketones. Understand the reactions of carbonyl compounds with:. HCN, in the presence of KCN, as a nucleophilic addition reaction, using curly arrows, relevant lone pairs, dipoles and evidence of optical activity to show mechanism.