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Political Reconstruction Political Reconstruction

Political Reconstruction - PowerPoint Presentation

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Political Reconstruction - PPT Presentation

Reconstruction The period of Reconstruction was extremely controversial for both the North and South Many historians call the period The Second Civil War as the regions remained bitter as their wounds from the Civil War healed ID: 547686

blacks reconstruction johnson black reconstruction blacks black johnson states south congress 1866 congressional amendment questions suffrage rights civil plan

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Slide1

Political Reconstruction

ReconstructionSlide2

The period of Reconstruction was extremely controversial for both the North and South. Many historians call the period “The Second Civil War,” as the regions remained bitter as their wounds from the Civil War healed.

Many questions loomed about who would direct the process of Reconstruction. There were many more questions about what was to be done with the emancipated slaves. Though lofty in its ideals, Reconstruction did little to ameliorate the plight of African Americans, or bring the North and South to agreeable terms. It did however push the nation into the direction of equality.

Organizing PrincipleSlide3

Lincoln’s wartime conundrum:

Treaty?

Recognizes South Readmission?Strict vs. lenient

WWLD?Slide4

Lenient

General

amnesty Oath10%=statehoodOfficials of the ConfederacyNucleus of Southern Unionists (“traitors”) would make up gov’t

.

Suffrage (voting rights) for blacks?

Touchy subject

Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee

Readmitted under LincolnRadicals in Congress resistWade-Davis Bill“pocket” veto

Lincoln’s Plan (the 10% Plan)Slide5

R.I.P. Lincoln

Lincoln Assassinated:

April 14, 1865Ford’s Theater in D.C.John Wilkes BoothAndrew Johnson becomes presidentSlide6

President Johnson

Tennessee Democrat

Resented plantersRejected racial equalityPresidential Reconstruction

Lenient in practice

Amnesty for oath

$20,000 taxable property

Provisional governor

Constitutional ConventionRevoke ordinance of secession Ratify 13th amendmentRepudiate debtsSlide7

Presidential Reconstruction in Practice

All seceded states “reconstructed” under Lincoln & Johnson’s

plans by 1865“Restoration” during congressional recess

!

Congress refuses to recognize Johnson governments due to:

Reluctance to abolish slavery

Deny blacks the vote

Elected prominent ConfederatesAlexander Stephens VP of Confederacy elected to SenateSlide8

Black Codes 1865-1866

Designed to regulate

the newly freed blacks in the SouthVagrancy lawsApprehend unemployed blacksFine them for vagrancy

Hired out to private employers to satisfy the

fines

Back to the plantation

Certain states

Blacks cannot own/lease landBlacks cannot be employed outside of plantation workCould not serve on a jurySlide9

Students need to complete the following after being assigned a partner:

Annotate the laws (summarize in as few words as possible).

Complete the questions under O(rigin) and P(urpose) on the OPVL handout.

Black CodesSlide10

Federal Government’s Response

Congress

Extends the life of the Freedman’s BureauWidens their powers Passed the First Civil Rights Act (1866)Black citizenship—strikes at Black CodesJohnson resists

Vetoes (twice)

Congress overrides

Midterm Elections—1866

Campaigns for candidatesSlide11

The Fourteenth Amendment 1866

Defines American citizenship

Equal protection of the lawsImposed penalties on states that denied male suffrageImposed a 2/3s pardon on former confederates/sympathizers State readmission contingent on ratificationSlide12

The Congressional Plan (Radical Reconstruction)

Led by Thaddeus

Stevens (PA) and Charles Sumner (MA)Congress passes Reconstruction Acts (1867)

Details

5 military districts

Register qualified voters

Constitutions—black

suffrage (voting rights)Adopt 14th amendment1868—6 states readmitted VA, TX, & MS—1869-70Also had to ratify

15th Amendment

Could not deny the vote based on “race, color, or…condition of servitude”

Black votes give 1868 election to U.S. GrantSlide13
Slide14

Johnson’s Impeachment

Johnson was an

impediment to ReconstructionRefused to implement Congressional PlanRadicals wanted him removedTenure of Office ActDismissal of Stanton=impeachment

Impeachment trial

Spring 1868

35-19 (one short of 2/3s) Slide15