Key Question Zones of the City Central business district CBD Central City the CBD older housing zones Suburb outlying functionally uniform zone outside of the central city AROUND THE WORLD CITIES ID: 244756
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Slide1
How are Cities Organized?
Key Question:Slide2
Zones of the City
Central business district (CBD)
Central City (the CBD + older housing zones)
Suburb (outlying, functionally uniform zone outside of the central city)Slide3
AROUND THE WORLD CITIESSlide4
Modeling the Cities of the Global Periphery and Semi periphery
Latin American City (Griffin-Ford model)
African City (de
Blij
“duh-
Blay”model)
Southeast Asian City (McGee model)Slide5
Latin American City (Griffin-Ford Model)Slide6
Latin American model
Generalized scheme both sensitive to local cultures and international forces, both Western and non-Western
In contrast to today
’
s cities in the U.S., the CBDs of Latin American cities are vibrant, dynamic, and increasingly specialized
A reliance on public transit that serves the central city
Existence of a large and relatively affluent population closest to CBDSlide7
The African City
(de Blij Model)Slide8
Southeast Asian City (McGee model)Slide9
Middle East: Mumbai, IndiaSlide10
Modeling the North American City
Concentric zone model (Ernest Burgess)
Sector model (Homer Hoyt)
Multiple Nuclei Model
(
Chauncy
Harris and Edward Ullman)Slide11
Three Classical Models of Urban StructureSlide12
Concentric zone model
Developed in 1925 by Ernest W. BurgessA
model with five zones
.Slide13
Burgess’s Concentric RingSlide14
Concentric zone model
A model with five zones.
Zone 1
The central business district (CBD)
Zone 2
Characterized by mixed pattern of industrial and residential land use --Often includes slums and skid rows
Zone 3The “
workingmen’s quarters”Zone 4Middle class area of
“better housing”Zone 5Consists of higher-income familiesSlide15
Another
Example
Of
ConcentricSlide16
Sector model
Homer Hoyt, an economist, presented his sector model in 1939
Because these areas were reinforced by transportation routes, the pattern of their development was one of sectors or wedges Slide17
Hoyt’s Sector ModelSlide18
Modeling Cities:
sector model
Stresses the importance of transportation corridors. Sees growth of various urban activities as expanding along roads, rivers, or train routes.Slide19
Multiple nuclei model
Suggested by Chauncey Harris and Edward Ullman in 1945Maintained a city developed with equal intensity around various points
The CBD was not the sole generator of changeSlide20
Ullman’s Multi NucleiSlide21
Modeling Cities:
multiple-nuclei
Stresses the importance of multiple
modes
of activity, not a single CBD. Ports, airports, universities attract certain uses while repelling others.Slide22
Changes in Cities in the U.S.
U.S. population has been moving out of the city centers to the suburbs
:
suburbanization and counterurbanization
U.S. intraregional migration during 1990s
.
Developed Countries:
suburbanization
wealthy move to suburbs
automobiles and roads;
‘
American Dream
’
better services
wealthy move to suburbs
counterurbanization
idyllic settings
cost of land for retirement
slow pace, yet high tech connections to services and marketsSlide23
New Urbanism
Development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs.
some are concerned over privatization of public spaces
some are concerned that they do nothing to
calm
the social conditions that create social ills of the cities some believe they work against urban sprawlSlide24
The new urban landscape
Office parks (many offices locate together)
Shopping Malls
Master Planned Communities
“Militarized”
Space
(no benches..keep out homeless)Decline Public Space
(Skyway in cities) (malls vs stores)