PPT-Phylogeny & The Tree of Life

Phylogeny The evolutionary history of a species or group of species Convergent Evolution A process in which species from different evolutionary branches may come to resemble each other if they live in similar environments and natural selection favored similar adaptions. Phylogenies. The process of evolution produces a pattern of relationships between species. . As . lineages evolve and split and modifications are inherited, their evolutionary paths diverge. . This . 26.1. Phylogeny. Evolutionary history of a species or a group of related species. Made by using evidence from systematics. Focuses on classifying organisms & relationships. Uses fossils, morphology, genes, & molecular evidence. Which of the following taxonomic categories includes the fewest number of species?. Animalia. Panthera. Felidae. Carnivora. Mammalia. Which of the following taxonomic categories includes the fewest number of species?. Systematics. Phylogeny. Phylon. = tribe, . geny. . = genesis or origin. The evolutionary history of a species or a group of related species.. Investigating the Tree of Life. Phylogeny: the evolutionary history of a species or group of species. Investigating the Tree of Life. Legless lizards have evolved independently in several different groups. Figure 26.1. Phylogeny. is the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species. For example, a phylogeny shows that legless lizards and snakes evolved from different lineages of legged lizards. http://thumbnails.visually.netdna-cdn.com/the-great-tree-of-life_505ba0c07cda2.gif. Figure 26.1 Some major episodes in the history of life. Figure 26.15 Whittaker’s five-kingdom system. Figure 26.16 Our changing view of biological diversity. Tandy Warnow. The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Brief history. We met in 1992, when I was working in the Discrete Algorithms Group at Sandia National Labs.. I moved to the University of Pennsylvania in 1993, then to the University of Texas at Austin in 1999. No papers yet. “Inferring Phylogenies” . Joseph Felsenstein. Excellent reference. What is a phylogeny?. Different Representations. Cladogram - branching pattern only. Phylogram - branch lengths are estimated and drawn proportional to the amount of change along the branch. Objective. SWBAT explain and demonstrate that organisms share many conserved core processes and features that evolved and are widely distributed among organisms today.. Agenda. Chapter 25 Quiz. Chapter 26 notes: sections 26.1, 26.2, and 26.3. Johanne Ahrenfeldt . PhD Student. Overview. What is Phylogeny? . How has it been used in the past?. Advantages of WGS based phylogeny. - Vibrio . cholerae. . case. BREAK. How are we using it?. CSI phylogeny & . Figure 26.1 Some major episodes in the history of life. Figure 26.15 Whittaker’s five-kingdom system. Figure 26.16 Our changing view of biological diversity. Figure 27.2 The three domains of life. Dr. Habibur Rahman. Associate Professor. J. N. College, Boko. What Is Phylogeny?. Phylogeny is the study of relationships among different groups of organisms and their evolutionary development. Phylogeny attempts to trace the evolutionary history of all life on the planet. It is based on the phylogenetic hypothesis that all living organisms share a common ancestry. The relationships among organisms are depicted in what is known as a phylogenetic tree. Relationships are determined by shared characteristics, as indicated through the comparison of genetic and anatomical similarities.. in . 1801. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck . sketchy . diagram for animals in . 1809.. Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation. , anonymously published by Robert Chambers in 1844, had an even sketchier one, where fish, reptiles, and birds are represented by branches from a path leading to . Phylogenetics. • . Phylogenetic. trees illustrate the. evolutionary relationships among groups . of organisms. , or among a family of . related nucleic . acid or protein . sequences. Each branch represents a new species which inherits many (primitive) traits from the ancestor but also has a new (derived) trait which appear for the 1.