PPT-3. The reconstruction of phylogeny

The first Darwinian principle told that every phylogenetic tree has one common ancestor Phylogen e tic analysis is the study of taxonomic relationships among lineages Willi Hennig 19131976. biolmedonlinecom Phylogeny reconstruction of ubiquitin conjugating E2 enzymes Muhummadh Khan Kaiser Jamil 1 2 School of Life Sciences Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Jawaharlal National Institute of Advanced studies JNIAS Budha Bhavan 6 t Phylogenies. The process of evolution produces a pattern of relationships between species. . As . lineages evolve and split and modifications are inherited, their evolutionary paths diverge. . This . Phylogeny. The evolutionary history of a species or group of species. . Convergent Evolution. A process in which species from different evolutionary branches may come to resemble each other if they live in similar environments and natural selection favored similar adaptions.. Molluscan Phylogeny 1307 Table 1 Previous Results on Molluscan Phylogeny on the Basis of Molecular Data NUMBER OF SEQUENCES AUTHOR(S) GENE OR PROTEIN Other Mol- Meta- lusca zoa TREE CONSTRUCTION METHO “Inferring Phylogenies” . Joseph Felsenstein. Excellent reference. What is a phylogeny?. Different Representations. Cladogram - branching pattern only. Phylogram - branch lengths are estimated and drawn proportional to the amount of change along the branch. ** . Southern state governments: aspirations, achievements, failures. *** . Role of African Americans in politics, education, and the economy. **** . Compromise of 1877. ***** . Impact of Reconstruction. Section 1.3. Learning Goals. We are exploring modern classification of species using phylogeny.. We are learning to use phylogenetic trees to identify common ancestors.. Modern Taxonomy. traditional classification grouped species according to morphology (body, shape, size and other structural features) . The Civil War. The War of Northern Aggression. The War for Southern Independence. The War Between the States. The War of Rebellion. The Confederate States of America, 1861. State’s Rights. Advantages: . 13. th. Amendment. grandfather clause. 14th Amendment. Jim Crow. 15. th. Amendment. Ku Klux Clan. 16. th. Amendment. literacy test. Abraham Lincoln. martial law. Andrew Johnson. poll tax. assassination.   . Charleston . Physical destruction of the south. . The impact of war in the South. . Richmond. . The impact of war in the South. 2. . Economic conditions . Banks, businesses destroyed by inflation. Key Questions. How to rebuild the South after its destruction during the War?. What would be the condition of African Americans in the South?. How would the South be reintegrated into the Union?. Who would control the process: Southern states, president, or Congress?. After Civil War came Reconstruction The two stage policy Presidential reconstruction, and congressional reconstruction Aimed to rebuild and strengthen the country But what did this mean for Native Americans Johanne Ahrenfeldt . PhD Student. Overview. What is Phylogeny? . How has it been used in the past?. Advantages of WGS based phylogeny. - Vibrio . cholerae. . case. BREAK. How are we using it?. CSI phylogeny & . . Streptomycetaceae. Alan Ward. Motivation. Streptomyces . taxonomy. 16S. Whole genome sequencing. A bigger 16S phylogeny. Where is the diversity. The type strains.