PPT-CHAPTER 26 PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS

1 2 What are the evolutionary relationships between a human a mushroom and a flower A phylogeny based on DNA data reveals that animals including humans and fungi including mushrooms are more closely related to each other than . Phylogenies. The process of evolution produces a pattern of relationships between species. . As . lineages evolve and split and modifications are inherited, their evolutionary paths diverge. . This . Phylogeny. The evolutionary history of a species or group of species. . Convergent Evolution. A process in which species from different evolutionary branches may come to resemble each other if they live in similar environments and natural selection favored similar adaptions.. Molluscan Phylogeny 1307 Table 1 Previous Results on Molluscan Phylogeny on the Basis of Molecular Data NUMBER OF SEQUENCES AUTHOR(S) GENE OR PROTEIN Other Mol- Meta- lusca zoa TREE CONSTRUCTION METHO Systematics. Phylogeny. Phylon. = tribe, . geny. . = genesis or origin. The evolutionary history of a species or a group of related species.. Investigating the Tree of Life. Phylogeny: the evolutionary history of a species or group of species. IB BIO II . Van . Roekel. . 4/17/14. Use binomial nomenclature to name and classify organisms. 1. st. word refers to the genus, 2. nd. word to the species, i.e. . Homo Sapiens. . Carolus. (Carl) Linnaeus consolidated and popularized binomial nomenclature. Haeckel’s evolutionary trees are among the first attempts at phylogeny inference.. Darwin’s tree. Schools of thought. A. Evolutionary Taxonomy. The basic view was that the best way to reconstruct the phylogeny of a group is to spend a lifetime learning everything one can about the biology of the group.. Section 1.3. Learning Goals. We are exploring modern classification of species using phylogeny.. We are learning to use phylogenetic trees to identify common ancestors.. Modern Taxonomy. traditional classification grouped species according to morphology (body, shape, size and other structural features) . Objective. SWBAT explain and demonstrate that organisms share many conserved core processes and features that evolved and are widely distributed among organisms today.. Agenda. Chapter 25 Quiz. Chapter 26 notes: sections 26.1, 26.2, and 26.3. Johanne Ahrenfeldt . PhD Student. Overview. What is Phylogeny? . How has it been used in the past?. Advantages of WGS based phylogeny. - Vibrio . cholerae. . case. BREAK. How are we using it?. CSI phylogeny & . Mayr - “the theory and practice of classifying organisms”. . . a. -Taxonomy – includes species descriptions, taxonomic keys, and diagnoses.. . b. -Taxonomy – includes identification of natural groups and biological classes.. . Streptomycetaceae. Alan Ward. Motivation. Streptomyces . taxonomy. 16S. Whole genome sequencing. A bigger 16S phylogeny. Where is the diversity. The type strains. 3 CREDITS HOURS ; 2 Hr– theory. . 3 Hr – Practical. m. a. . arkoh. (LECTURER). COURSE OUTLINE. SYSTEMATICS. PHYLOGENETICS OF INVERTEBRATES. INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS . Dr. Habibur Rahman, Associate Professor, J. N. College, Boko. Aims of Taxonomy. . To provide a convenient method of identification and communication.. . To provide classification which is based on natural affinities of organisms, as far as possible.. Phylogenetics. • . Phylogenetic. trees illustrate the. evolutionary relationships among groups . of organisms. , or among a family of . related nucleic . acid or protein . sequences. Each branch represents a new species which inherits many (primitive) traits from the ancestor but also has a new (derived) trait which appear for the 1.