PPT-Antigen An antigen is a substance which when introduced in the body evokes immune response

Types of Antigen Complete Antigen Substances which can induce antibody formation by themselves Haptens substances which are unable to induce antibody formation on its own but can become immunogenic ie capable of inducing antibodies when covalently linked to proteins known as carrier proteins. Group . 3. :. M. . Yusron. . Hasani. . (. 105090100111037. ). A. Muammar . Kadafi. . (115090101111012. ). Nira. . Meirit. a. W.. . . (. 115090100111017. ). Putri. . Indisari. . (. 1150901. Another Example of Cellular Communication. Key attributes of immune system. 4 attributes that characterize the immune system as a whole. specificity. antigen-antibody specificity. diversity. react to millions of antigens. Ligand. In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose. In protein-ligand binding, the ligand is usually a molecule which produces a signal by binding to a site on a target protein. The binding typically results in a change of conformation of the target protein.. 1. Immunity: Two Intrinsic Defense Systems. Innate. (nonspecific) system responds quickly and consists of:. First line of defense. – skin and mucosa prevent entry of microorganisms. Second line of defense. Non-specific Immunity. Born with some immunity . Helps prevent disease. Helps slow disease progression. First line of defense. Non-specific, cont. .. Physical Barrier- . unbroken skin . Non-specific Immunity. Born with some immunity . Helps prevent disease. Helps slow disease progression. First line of defense. Non-specific, cont. .. Physical Barrier- . unbroken skin . Antigen fits with. this B cell. Different B cell clones. Making antibodies. Many plasma cells. Some memory cells. When specific B cells are activated, they multiply. Some cells become . memory cells. Plants and animals have a variety of chemical defenses against infections that affect dynamic homeostasis.. Fig. 43-2. INNATE IMMUNITY. Recognition of traits. shared by broad ranges. of pathogens, using a. 16. Chapter 21 . Immunity. Resistance to disease. Immune system has two intrinsic systems. Innate (nonspecific) defense system. Adaptive (specific) defense system. Immunity . Innate defense system has two lines of defense. Dr. Suzan Y.. Antigen. :. It s a substance that may be specifically bound by an antibody (. Ab. ) molecule or T cell receptors (TCR). When this binding lead to the activation of B cells or T cells ,this substance is known as . Combat Major Infections Nonspecific and Specific Defense Systems - work together to coordinate their responses Nonspecific (Innate) Response - responds quickly, fights all invaders and consists of Immune System. Immune System . Animals are constantly under attack by pathogens, infectious agents that cause disease. . In response, animals fight back in various ways. . Natural Barriers Prevent Infection. B. Antigen (Ag). A substance that reacts with the products of a specific immune response.. C. Hapten. A substance that is non-immunogenic but which can react with the products of a specific immune response.. Dr. Ahmed Ali Mohammed. Immunology. : . is the science that studying our protection from foreign macromolecules or invading organisms and our responses to them. These invaders include viruses, bacteria, protozoa or even larger parasites..