Anatomical Terms Directional Terms Regional Terms Body Planes and Body Cavities Anatomical Position Always assume body is in anatomical position to accurately describe body parts and position Body is erect ID: 465181
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Slide1
Language of Anatomy
Anatomical Terms, Directional Terms, Regional Terms, Body Planes, and Body CavitiesSlide2
Anatomical Position
Always assume body is in anatomical position to accurately describe body parts and position
Body is erect
Feet parallel, shoulder width apart
Palms to the side facing forwardSlide3
Directional Terms
Explains where one body structure is in relation to anotherSlide4
Superior (Cranial,
Cephalad
) &
Inferior (Caudal)
Toward the head or upper part of a structure of the body, above
Ex: The forehead is superior to the nose
Superior
Inferior
Away from head end or toward lower part of body, below
Ex: The navel is inferior to the breastboneSlide5
Anterior (Ventral) &
Posterior (Dorsal)
Toward the front of the body
Ex: The breastbone is anterior to the spine
In four legged animals, ventral refers to the belly of an animal
Anterior
Posterior
Toward the backside, behind
Ex: The heart is posterior to the breastboneSlide6
Medial &
Lateral
Toward or at midline of body, inner side
Ex: Heart is medial to arm
Away from midline of body, outer side
Ex: Arms are lateral to the chest
Medial
LateralSlide7
Intermediate
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
Ex: Armpit is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulderSlide8
Proximal &
Distal
Close to the origin of body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body of the trunk
Ex: Elbow is proximal to wrist
Farther from origin of body part or point of attachment of limb to body trunk
Ex: Knee is distal to thigh
Proximal
DistalSlide9
Superficial &
Deep
Toward body surface
Ex: Skin is superficial to skeleton
Away from body surface, more internal
Ex: Lungs are deep to the ribcage
Superficial
DeepSlide10
Practice
The wrist is blank to the hand
PROXIMAL
The breastbone is blank to the spine
Anterior (Ventral)
The brain is blank to the spinal cord
Superior
The lungs are blank to the heart
Lateral
The fingers are blank to the thumb
DistalSlide11
Anterior Body Landmarks
Abdominal- anterior body trunk inferior to ribs
Acromial
-point of shoulder
Antecubital
-anterior surface of elbow
Axillary
-armpit
Brachial-armBuccal
-cheekCarpal-wristCervical-neckCoxal
-hip
Crural
-leg
Digital-fingers, toes
Femoral-thigh
Fibular-lateral part of leg
Inguinal-groin
Nasal-nose
Oral-mouth
Orbital-eye
Patellar- anterior knee
Pelvic-anterior pelvis
Pubic-genital region
Sternal
-breastbone
Tarsal-ankle
Thoracic-chest
Umbilical-navalSlide12
Posterior Body Landmarks
Cephalic-head
Deltoid- curve of shoulder
Gluteal
-buttock
Lumbar-area of back between ribs and hips
Occipital-posterior side of head
Popliteal
-posterior knee area
Sacral-area between hipsScapular-shoulder blade regionSural
-calf
Vertebral-area of spineSlide13
Body Landmarks
Anterior
PosteriorSlide14
Body Planes and Sections
Section-cut
Sagittal
section-
cut made lengthwise, dividing body into right and left parts.
If its exactly in the middle it’s called a
midsaggital
section
Frontal/ coronal section-
cut made that divides body into anterior and posterior
Transverse/cross
section-cut
made along horizontal plane, divides body into superior and inferior parts
Plane-imaginary line that a section is made throughSlide15
Body Sections and PlanesSlide16
Body Cavities
Cranial Cavity
Spinal Cavity
Thoracic cavity-
seperated
from the rest by diaphragm
Abdominopelvic
- can be further divided into abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
Abdomial
cavity can be divided into nine more regions:1. Umbilical region- center
rmost
2.
epigastric
region- superior to umbilical region
3.
Hypogastric
region- inferior to umbilical region
4. Right and Left Iliac/inguinal regions-lateral to
hypogastric
region
5. Right and left lumbar regions- lateral to
umbillical
region
6. Right and left hypochondriac region- lateral to
epigastric
region
Dorsal
VentralSlide17
Body Cavities